Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for theoretical innovation in building a new power system in China, focusing on ensuring reliable electricity supply and stable operation of the power system [1][2]. Group 1: Theoretical Innovation Directions - The first direction is balance theory, addressing the increasing difficulty of power balance due to large-scale development of renewable energy, with maximum daily power fluctuations exceeding 20% of the system's maximum load [2]. - The second direction is safety and stability control theory, which highlights risks such as weak inertia and weak support in the new power system [3]. - The third direction is electricity market theory, which requires a reconstruction of market design to accommodate the characteristics of renewable energy, ensuring long-term reliable electricity supply and promoting green energy transition [4]. Group 2: Key Challenges and Solutions - The article discusses the "duck curve" phenomenon in load characteristics due to the integration of photovoltaic energy, leading to significant fluctuations in output during peak hours [2]. - It calls for research on the resilience of the power system to climate and weather impacts, including the development of a comprehensive power balance model that incorporates random dynamic methods [2][3]. - The need for a multi-faceted control system that combines decentralized and centralized control to enhance the dynamic support capability of renewable energy is also highlighted [3]. Group 3: Market Mechanism and Technological Innovation - The article outlines four goals for the national unified electricity market: ensuring reliable supply, promoting green energy transition, maintaining competitive electricity prices, and fostering technological innovation [4]. - It stresses the importance of integrating technological and market innovations to address the challenges posed by the increasing share of renewable energy in the power system [4]. Group 4: Conference Insights - The annual conference focused on "Technological Innovation and Mechanism Reform to Build a New Energy System," with participation from numerous experts discussing key technologies and major issues related to the dual carbon goals [5].