Core Insights - The recent findings from China's Chang'e 6 lunar mission provide crucial information about the early crust-mantle evolution history of the Moon, particularly focusing on the differences between the Moon's near and far sides [1][5]. Group 1: Scientific Findings - The Chang'e 6 mission successfully returned samples from the Moon's far side, specifically from the South Pole-Aitken Basin, marking the first time such samples have been collected [2][5]. - Analysis of the basalt samples revealed a new type of rock, identified as lunar South Pole-Aitken impact lava, and established the formation time of the basin to be approximately 4.25 billion years ago [3][4]. - The samples exhibited "ultra-depleted" characteristics, indicating a significant lack of incompatible elements, which are typically easier to melt and rise with magma [3][4]. Group 2: Theoretical Models - Two models have been proposed to explain the "ultra-depleted" characteristics of the lunar mantle: 1. The "primordial depletion" model suggests that during the Moon's formation, a large magma ocean cooled unevenly, leading to the separation of heavy minerals and leaving behind a depleted mantle [4][5]. 2. The "post-impact modification" model posits that a giant impact event reshaped the Moon's surface and significantly altered the composition of the mantle by extracting large amounts of magma, resulting in the current ultra-depleted state [4][5]. Group 3: Implications for Lunar and Planetary Science - The findings from the Chang'e 6 mission not only enhance the understanding of the Moon's internal structure and evolution but also provide insights into the early differentiation processes of other terrestrial bodies in the solar system [5][6].