新华社北京11月25日电 题：锚定科技强国目标 以科技现代化有力支撑中国式现代化——访科技部 党组书记、部长阴和俊 新华社记者 温竞华 党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建 议》（以下简称《建议》），将"科技自立自强水平大幅提高"列为"十五五"时期经济社会发展的主要目 标之一，对科技创新提出明确要求、作出重要部署。 "十四五"时期我国科技事业取得哪些成就？如何准确把握好、贯彻落实好全会关于加快高水平科技 自立自强的新部署新要求？新华社记者采访了科技部党组书记、部长阴和俊。 科技事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革 党中央对科技工作的集中统一领导进一步加强，成立中央科技委员会，全面加强战略规划、政策措 施、重大任务、科研力量、资源平台、区域创新等方面统筹，形成科技工作全国"一盘棋"基本格局，开 创了科技事业发展的新局面。 ——科技创新能力稳步提升。2024年全社会研发投入达3.63万亿元，研发投入强度达2.69%，研发 人员总量世界第一。基础研究水平进一步提升，高水平国际期刊论文数量和国际专利申请量连续5年世 界第一。国家综合创新能力排名由2020年的第14位提升至 ...

党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》 （以下简称《建议》），将"科技自立自强水平大幅提高"列为"十五五"时期经济社会发展的主要目标之 一，对科技创新提出明确要求、作出重要部署。 "十四五"时期我国科技事业取得哪些成就？如何准确把握好、贯彻落实好全会关于加快高水平科技自立 自强的新部署新要求？新华社记者采访了科技部党组书记、部长阴和俊。 党中央对科技工作的集中统一领导进一步加强，成立中央科技委员会，全面加强战略规划、政策措施、 重大任务、科研力量、资源平台、区域创新等方面统筹，形成科技工作全国"一盘棋"基本格局，开创了 科技事业发展的新局面。 ——科技创新能力稳步提升。2024年全社会研发投入达3.63万亿元，研发投入强度达2.69%，研发人员 总量世界第一。基础研究水平进一步提升，高水平国际期刊论文数量和国际专利申请量连续5年世界第 一。国家综合创新能力排名由2020年的第14位提升至2024年的第10位。 ——科技创新和产业创新加速融合。规上高技术制造业增加值较"十三五"末增长42%，"三新"经济增加 值占GDP比重达18%。企业研发投入占比超过77%。" ...

Group 1: Scientific Discoveries - China's research team discovered five micro-quasars in the Milky Way that emit ultra-high-energy particle streams, providing significant insights into black holes and cosmic rays [1][5][6] - The phenomenon known as the "knee" structure in the cosmic ray energy spectrum, which has puzzled scientists for nearly 70 years, has been linked to these micro-quasars [4][5] Group 2: Lunar Research - The Chinese National Space Administration announced a breakthrough in lunar research, identifying micro-sized hematite and magnetite crystals from samples collected by the Chang'e 6 mission, revealing new mechanisms of lunar oxidation [6][9] Group 3: Military Developments - The first sea trial of China's 076 amphibious assault ship, the Sichuan, was successfully completed, demonstrating its capabilities and innovative technologies such as electromagnetic catapults [9][11][13] Group 4: Space Missions - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft successfully landed, with the crew having spent 204 days in orbit, setting a new record for the longest single crew duration in space for China [15][16][18] Group 5: Renewable Energy Innovations - China's first high-altitude wind energy project, featuring the world's largest 5000 square meter wind energy capturing parachute, successfully completed its test, marking significant progress in harnessing high-altitude wind energy [21][23][25] Group 6: 6G Technology Development - China has completed the first phase of 6G technology trials, developing over 300 key technology reserves and entering the international standard research phase, with commercial deployment expected around 2030 [25]

Core Insights - The research team has made a significant breakthrough in lunar science by discovering micron-sized hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (γ-Fe2O3) crystals in samples returned by the Chang'e 6 mission, indicating a new lunar oxidation reaction mechanism [1][3][5] - This discovery provides empirical evidence for the impact origin of magnetic anomalies surrounding the South Pole-Aitken Basin, enhancing the understanding of the Moon's evolutionary history [3][5] Group 1 - The formation of hematite is closely related to large impact events in the Moon's history, which create a high oxygen fugacity gas environment, leading to the oxidation of iron and the formation of micron-sized crystalline hematite particles [5] - The intermediate products of this reaction include magnetic minerals, which may serve as the mineral carriers for the magnetic anomalies observed in the South Pole-Aitken Basin [5][7] - The South Pole-Aitken Basin, where the Chang'e 6 mission landed, is the largest and oldest known impact basin on rocky bodies in the solar system, providing a unique setting for exploring special geological processes [7] Group 2 - The findings have been published in the international journal "Science Advances," which will serve as an important scientific basis for future lunar research [3] - The successful collection of lunar samples from the South Pole-Aitken Basin by the Chang'e 6 mission in 2024 laid the groundwork for this groundbreaking discovery [7]

Core Insights - The research team has made a significant breakthrough in lunar science by discovering micron-sized hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (γ-Fe2O3) crystals from samples collected by the Chang'e 6 mission, revealing a new oxidation reaction mechanism on the Moon [1][3][5] Group 1: Research Findings - The formation of hematite is closely related to large impact events in the Moon's history, which create a high oxygen fugacity gas environment that oxidizes iron, leading to the formation of micron-sized crystalline hematite particles [5] - The intermediate products of this reaction include magnetic magnetite and magnetite, which may serve as mineral carriers for the magnetic anomalies at the edge of the South Pole-Aitken Basin [5] - This study provides the first evidence of strong oxidizing substances like hematite existing on the lunar surface under a highly reducing background, shedding light on the Moon's redox state and the causes of magnetic anomalies [5] Group 2: Mission Context - The South Pole-Aitken Basin, where the Chang'e 6 mission landed, is known as the largest and oldest impact basin on rocky bodies in the solar system, providing a unique setting for exploring special geological processes [6] - The successful collection of lunar samples from the interior of the South Pole-Aitken Basin in 2024 laid the groundwork for this groundbreaking discovery [6]

Core Insights - The research team from China has discovered that lunar soil and rocks can exhibit signs of "rust," specifically through the identification of micro-sized hematite and magnetite crystals from samples collected by the Chang'e 6 mission [2][4][5] - This finding reveals a new lunar oxidation reaction mechanism and provides empirical evidence for the impact-related origins of magnetic anomalies in the South Pole-Aitken Basin [2][5] Group 1: Research Findings - The study indicates that the formation of lunar hematite is closely linked to large impact events in the Moon's history, which create a transient high oxygen fugacity gas phase environment [4][5] - The presence of hematite and other strong oxidizing substances on the lunar surface under ultra-reducing conditions has been confirmed for the first time, shedding light on the Moon's redox state and the causes of magnetic anomalies [5][7] Group 2: Mission Background - The Chang'e 6 mission successfully retrieved samples from the South Pole-Aitken Basin, the largest and oldest known impact basin on rocky bodies in the solar system, providing a unique context for exploring special geological processes [7] - The research was conducted by a collaborative team from Shandong University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan University, with support from the National Space Administration of China, and the findings have been published in the international journal "Science Advances" [7]

Core Insights - The article highlights significant advancements in technology and innovation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, showcasing achievements in various sectors such as space exploration, renewable energy, and digital applications [1][4][10]. Group 1: Major Technological Achievements - The "Chang'e 6" mission successfully completed a lunar sample return from the far side of the moon [4] - The "Haidou 1" submersible achieved a deep-sea test at a depth of 10,000 meters [4] - The "Tianhe" space station has transitioned to regular operational status [4] - The C919 large passenger aircraft has commenced commercial flights [4] - The world's first fourth-generation nuclear power plant has begun commercial operation [4] Group 2: Digital and Smart Applications - As of July 2023, China has built a total of 4.598 million 5G base stations and 30.532 million broadband ports [8] - Over 35,000 basic-level and more than 230 excellent-level smart factories have been established [8] - Several general large models have emerged domestically, with some achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 95% [8] Group 3: Research and Development Investment - In 2024, total R&D investment in China is expected to exceed 3.6 trillion yuan [10] - China ranks first globally in the number of high-impact scientific researchers, with 1,405 individuals, accounting for one-fifth of the global total [10] - The number of high-level international journal papers and international patent applications has ranked first in the world for five consecutive years [10] Group 4: Innovation and Economic Contribution - The value added by the "three new" economies accounts for 18% of GDP [14] - The number of invention patent applications from industrial enterprises has increased to 1.244 million [14] - In 2024, the transaction value of technology contracts is projected to reach 6.8 trillion yuan [14] Group 5: Industrial Growth and Global Standing - China's total industrial added value has grown from 31.3 trillion yuan to 40.5 trillion yuan [16] - China leads the world in the production of most of the 504 major industrial products [16] - In 2024, 64 manufacturing enterprises from mainland China are expected to be included in the global top 500 industrial R&D spenders, representing 26.2% of the total [16] Group 6: Green Technology and Sustainability - The installed capacity of renewable energy generation has historically surpassed that of coal power [20] - A total of 6,430 national green factories and 491 green industrial parks have been cultivated [20] - Over 20% of raw materials used in steel production come from recycled scrap steel [20] Group 7: Societal Benefits of Technological Innovation - The area of self-bred crop varieties exceeds 95% [22] - The number of domestically developed innovative drugs launched is 2.8 times that of the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [22] - The average concentration of PM2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has decreased by 18% [22]

Core Insights - The article highlights significant achievements in China's technological advancements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, showcasing major breakthroughs in various sectors [1] Group 1: Major Achievements - The first domestically produced electromagnetic aircraft carrier, Fujian, has been launched [1] - The Chang'e 6 mission successfully completed the world's first lunar far side sample return [1] - The AG600 "Kunlong" amphibious aircraft has entered mass production with the first aircraft completing test flights [1] - The CR450, the world's fastest train, is undergoing operational assessments [1] Group 2: National Pride and Efforts - The article emphasizes the importance of practical efforts in achieving great undertakings, honoring every individual who contributes to these advancements [1]

Core Insights - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's technological achievements have reached historic milestones, with the country now ranking among the top ten globally in comprehensive innovation capability, aiming for a strong technological nation and accelerating high-level self-reliance in technology [1][2] Group 1: Technological Achievements - Major technological breakthroughs have emerged, including the successful lunar sample return mission of "Chang'e 6" and the deep-sea autonomous remote-controlled submersible "Haidou 1" completing tests at depths of 10,000 meters [1] - The Ministry of Science and Technology has highlighted advancements in artificial intelligence and brain-computer interfaces, establishing new competitive advantages [1] Group 2: Technology Transfer and Collaboration - The level of technology transfer in China has significantly improved, with the national technology contract transaction volume expected to reach 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024, maintaining double-digit growth for several consecutive years [2] - Collaborative models between universities and leading enterprises are being established, exemplified by Xi'an Jiaotong University partnering with 248 companies to form joint research institutes, resulting in over 2,500 research projects and the training of more than 2,000 engineering master's and doctoral students [2] Group 3: Future Goals and Strategies - The strategic goal is to build a strong technological nation by 2035, with the next five years deemed critical for achieving this objective [2] - The Ministry of Science and Technology emphasizes the importance of integrating education, technology, and talent development, fostering deep integration of technological and industrial innovation, and creating a world-class innovation environment [2]

Core Insights - China's high-tech manufacturing industry showed a significant increase in value-added growth in Q3, outpacing the overall industrial growth rate, with the information transmission, software, and IT services sector growing by 11.7% year-on-year, an acceleration of 1.7 percentage points from the previous year [1] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period has seen China achieve major original results in quantum technology, life sciences, material sciences, and space sciences, with notable advancements such as the operational status of the "Tianhe" space station and the successful lunar sample return by "Chang'e 6" [1][2] - China has entered the top ten of the Global Innovation Index for the first time, reflecting a vibrant innovation ecosystem driven by market dominance and open collaboration [3] Industry Developments - The launch of the first domestically produced electromagnetic aircraft carrier and the operational commencement of the world's first fourth-generation nuclear power plant highlight China's advancements in high-tech industries during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2] - Shenzhen's "Robot Valley" has become a hub for over 74,000 robot-related enterprises, generating more than 200 billion RMB in total output, showcasing the successful integration of technology and industry [4] - The application of digital technologies is transforming social governance and daily life in China, with improved public services and efficient governance through digital means [5] International Collaboration - China has established technological cooperation with over 160 countries and regions, signing 119 intergovernmental science and technology agreements, and actively participating in major international scientific projects [7] - Chinese technological innovations are being shared globally, with initiatives in Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia aimed at enhancing local capabilities and addressing regional challenges [7][8] - The country is promoting a global vision for innovation, advocating for open and fair international technology development environments to tackle global challenges [8]