我国科研人员制作的月球背面影像图。新华社发（中国科学院供图） 已经"休眠"的月球，依然发生火山喷发，是何原因？ 从嫦娥五号到嫦娥六号，由中国探月工程月球探测器带回来的年轻玄武岩如同月球"心跳"的记录 仪，最新研究结果显示：月球内核在探测时仍有余温，故事比想象中精彩。 基于对嫦娥六号两类玄武岩的对比，研究团队提出了一个新的热动力机制：随着月球冷却，其岩石 圈不断增厚，深部岩浆难以直接喷出，只能滞留在月幔浅部辉石岩层的底部。这些"被卡住的"岩浆可向 上传导热量，从而触发浅部月幔部分熔融，导致火山喷发。 为进一步验证该模型，团队还分析了全月球遥感数据，发现约30亿年前后月球火山活动的热动力机 制发生明显转变：30亿年前热源复杂多样，可能包括放射性物质、潮汐力和陨石撞击等；30亿年之后则 趋于单一，自下而上的热传输机制占据主导，使得年轻时期的月球火山活动源区集中在浅部月幔。 对全月球遥感数据的进一步分析显示，月球正面的晚期火山岩石化学特征基本都与嫦娥五号玄武岩 相近，而背面则更大多接近嫦娥六号的超低钛玄武岩。这表明月球正面和背面的月幔组成可能存在差 异：正面月幔浅部含钛铁矿较多，而背面则相对较少。这一发现为理解月球的 ...

已经"休眠"的月球，依然发生火山喷发，是何原因？ 从嫦娥五号到嫦娥六号，由中国探月工程月球探测器带回来的年轻玄武岩如同月球"心跳"的记录仪，最新 研究结果显示：月球内核在探测时仍有余温，故事比想象中精彩。 此前，科学家们普遍认为月球在30亿年前就已"休眠"，火山活动基本停止。然而，我国嫦娥五号和嫦娥六 号任务分别带回20亿年和28亿年前形成的玄武岩样品，证实月球在"休眠"期间依然发生了火山喷发。 在嫦娥六号样品中，研究团队识别出两类形成时间相近（约28亿和29亿年前）但成分和来源深度迥异的玄 武岩：其中，一类源自月幔深处（超过120公里）的"超低钛玄武岩"；另一类"低钛玄武岩"则来自较浅的月 幔（60至80公里）。 通过模拟月球内部的高温高压环境，研究人员发现，这两类岩石来自月球早期岩浆海洋冷却后形成的不同 岩层：普通的辉石岩层和含钛铁矿的辉石岩层。 传统观点曾推测，月球晚期火山活动可能与源区富水或富含放射性生热元素有关，但嫦娥五号、嫦娥六号 样品均否定了这一假说：它们的源区既"干燥"又缺乏放射性生热元素。 基于对嫦娥六号两类玄武岩的对比，研究团队提出了一个新的热动力机制：随着月球冷却，其岩石圈不断 增厚，深 ...

Core Findings - Chinese scientists have accurately determined that the Apollo basin on the Moon formed 4.16 billion years ago, providing crucial evidence for the timing of the Late Heavy Bombardment period [1][2] - The research was published in the international journal Nature Astronomy on August 20, Beijing time [1] Research Details - The Apollo basin, with a diameter of approximately 540 kilometers, is the largest secondary impact structure within the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, closely related to the Late Heavy Bombardment [1] - The research team, led by Academician Xu Yigang from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, discovered three special rock fragments, ranging from 150 to 350 micrometers, in just 3.5 grams of lunar soil [1] - These rock fragments are ideal "rock clocks" that record the impact events associated with the formation of the Apollo basin [1][2]

Group 1: Lunar Exploration Achievements - The Chang'e 6 mission has successfully unveiled the evolutionary history of the moon's far side, marking a significant milestone in lunar exploration [1][5] - The mission collected and returned samples from the moon's far side, achieving multiple breakthroughs in key technologies [6][5] - The Chang'e 6 mission returned 1935.3 grams of lunar samples, setting several world records during its 53-day mission [4][6] Group 2: Human Spaceflight Developments - The Chinese space station has been constructed with all components being domestically produced, achieving 100% self-sufficiency in key technologies [3][5] - The space station has hosted nine crewed missions and conducted six "space rendezvous" events, showcasing China's advancements in human spaceflight [3][9] - The upcoming missions include the development and launch of additional modules to enhance the capabilities of the Chinese space station [3][10] Group 3: Deep Space Exploration Initiatives - The Tianwen-1 mission successfully achieved three major objectives: orbiting, landing, and roving on Mars, marking a first in global space exploration [9] - Future missions include Tianwen-3 for Mars sample return and Tianwen-4 for Jupiter system exploration, indicating China's commitment to deep space exploration [10] - The National Space Administration is also focusing on solar exploration and the development of a new generation of civil space infrastructure [10]

Economic Growth - China's economy has consistently surpassed significant milestones, reaching approximately 140 trillion yuan this year, with an incremental growth of over 35 trillion yuan, equivalent to recreating the Yangtze River Delta region [1] - The contribution rate of China to global economic growth has remained around 30%, with an average economic growth rate of 5.5% over the past four years, showcasing resilience amid various challenges [1] Innovation and R&D - R&D investment in China reached a new high, with total spending increasing nearly 50% compared to the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, amounting to an additional 1.2 trillion yuan, and R&D intensity rising to 2.68%, approaching the OECD average [4][6] - Significant technological breakthroughs have been achieved, including the launch of the first domestically produced aircraft carrier and the completion of China's first space station, indicating a shift from a follower to a leader in various sectors [4] Social Welfare - Continuous improvement in public welfare has been noted, with stable participation rates in basic education, pension, and medical insurance exceeding 95% [7] - The number of practicing physicians per thousand people has increased from 2.9 to 3.6, and the average life expectancy has reached 79 years, reflecting advancements in healthcare [7] Business Environment - The business environment in China has improved, with the establishment of a unified national market and a reduction in foreign investment restrictions, leading to an increase in private enterprises to over 58 million, a growth of more than 40% since the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan [9][11] Environmental Sustainability - China has made significant strides in environmental sustainability, achieving a forest coverage rate of over 25% and improving air quality, with the proportion of days with good air quality stable at around 87% [12] - The country has built the world's largest clean energy generation system, with renewable energy surpassing coal in installed capacity, and over 20% of steel production now sourced from recycled materials [12] Security and Resilience - The foundation for food security has been strengthened, with over 10 million acres of high-standard farmland established, ensuring self-sufficiency in food production [15][18] - China's energy infrastructure is the largest globally, providing robust support for energy demands during peak usage periods, and the manufacturing sector remains the most comprehensive and resilient worldwide [15][18] Global Engagement - China is actively promoting global green development and has reduced energy consumption per unit of GDP by 11.6% over four years, equivalent to a reduction of 1.1 billion tons of CO2 emissions [19][21] - The Belt and Road Initiative has expanded to over 150 countries and 30 international organizations, enhancing cooperation in various sectors [19][21]

Core Insights - Chinese scientists have revealed the "ultra-reduced" state of the lunar mantle from basalt samples collected by the Chang'e 6 mission, indicating that these mantle materials are more primitive or have been affected by large impacts [1][3] - The findings enhance the understanding of the internal composition of the Moon and provide new clues for understanding its formation and evolution [5] Group 1 - The "ultra-reduced mantle" refers to a state where elements tend to exist in lower valence states, suggesting a more primitive composition or alteration due to significant impacts [3] - The research results have been published in an international academic journal, contributing to the global scientific community's knowledge [1][5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that innovation has become a primary driver for high-quality development in China, with significant advancements in technology and industry during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1] - China's R&D investment reached a new high, with a nearly 50% increase compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," amounting to an additional 1.2 trillion yuan, and R&D intensity rising to 2.68%, approaching the OECD average [1] - Major achievements in innovation include the launch of the first fourth-generation nuclear power plant, the successful operation of the Chinese space station "Tianhe," and the return of the Chang'e 6 mission from the far side of the moon, showcasing China's transition from a follower to a leader in technology [1] Group 2 - The acceleration of talent vitality is highlighted, with China having the largest total human resources and R&D personnel globally, producing over 5 million graduates annually in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [2] - The AI wave is creating unprecedented opportunities for transformation, but challenges remain, such as the need for deeper integration of innovation and industrial chains, and improving the efficiency of converting innovation results into productive forces [3] - The importance of building a resilient and dynamic innovation ecosystem is stressed, with a focus on addressing the complexities of innovation challenges and continuously striving for genuine value creation [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that innovation has become a primary driver for high-quality development in China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with significant advancements in technology and industry innovation [1] - China's R&D investment reached a new high, with a nearly 50% increase compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," amounting to an additional 1.2 trillion yuan, and R&D intensity rising to 2.68%, approaching the OECD average [1] - The country has achieved notable milestones in innovation, including the operation of the world's first fourth-generation nuclear power plant and the completion of the Chinese space station, showcasing a shift from a follower to a leader in technology [1] Group 2 - The acceleration of talent vitality is highlighted, with China having the largest total human resources and R&D personnel globally, producing over 5 million graduates annually in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [2] - The article points out that while opportunities arise from the AI wave, challenges remain, such as the need for deeper integration of innovation and industrial chains and improving the efficiency of converting innovation results into productive forces [3] - It stresses the importance of recognizing the complexity and challenges of innovation, advocating for a sustained effort in creating real value through innovation [3]

Core Insights - The recent findings from China's Chang'e 6 mission have unveiled significant aspects of the Moon's far side evolution, marking a shift in understanding lunar geology and history [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals two distinct periods of basaltic volcanic activity on the Moon's far side, approximately 4.2 billion and 2.8 billion years ago, indicating sustained volcanic activity [2] - Ancient magnetic field data from the far side suggests that the Moon's magnetic field strength may have increased around 2.8 billion years ago, challenging the notion of a monotonous decline in lunar activity [2] - The water content in the mantle of the Moon's far side is significantly lower than that of the near side, indicating a "bifurcation" in water distribution within the Moon [2] - The basalt samples from the far side originate from a highly depleted source region, which may imply extreme depletion of the primordial lunar mantle or significant impact events that influenced the evolution of the Moon's deep layers [2] Group 2: Implications for Lunar Science - The successful outcomes of the Chang'e program exemplify the deep integration of science and engineering, positioning China to transition from a follower to a leader in planetary science [2]

Core Insights - The systematic layout led by the state is a key factor in overcoming major scientific challenges, while the spirit of researchers venturing into "unexplored territories" is a significant driving force behind scientific achievements [3]. Group 1: Research Achievements - The Chang'e 6 mission has revealed volcanic activity on the far side of the Moon approximately 4.2 billion and 2.8 billion years ago, obtained ancient magnetic field information, and measured water content in the lunar mantle for the first time [1]. - Within one year of returning samples in June 2024, researchers produced multiple significant results, with four published as cover articles in "Nature," showcasing an exceptionally fast research conversion speed compared to international counterparts [1]. Group 2: Research Methodology - The "organized research" model, which differs from traditional "free exploration" research, has played a crucial role in the rapid progress of the Chang'e 6 sample studies [1][2]. - This model facilitates systematic layout, multi-institutional collaboration, and innovative mechanism design, effectively breaking down barriers between disciplines and institutions to concentrate resources on critical scientific issues [1][2]. Group 3: Collaborative Efforts - The initial scientific goals of the Chang'e 6 mission focused on the Moon's far side, specifically the South Pole-Aitken Basin, to address the mystery of the Moon's "bipolarity," thus preventing the dispersion of research resources [2]. - The research involved collaboration among numerous institutions led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including Nanjing University and the China Academy of Space Technology, fostering interdisciplinary integration and innovation [2]. Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - The far side of the Moon was previously an unexplored area for sample collection, presenting unknown challenges and risks, yet the research team persevered towards their scientific objectives, achieving significant breakthroughs [3]. - The success of the Chang'e 6 mission exemplifies the need for organized research to tackle increasingly complex scientific problems and technological challenges in the context of a new wave of technological revolution [3].