高温天气带动用电负荷持续攀升。近期，全国多个省份陆续调整分时电价机制，以市场化手段破解电力 供需平衡难题。 发电侧，通过价格信号引导用户用电行为与新能源出力特性相匹配，有利于破解新能源消纳问题。新能 源发电具有波动性、间歇性特征，尤其是光伏，主要发电时段较为集中，11时至14时通常是出力高峰 期，与用户用电高峰期存在时间错配，该时段电力供应远大于需求，若沿用以往的电价机制，既无法反 映真实的供需关系，又容易造成大量弃电，所以多个省份陆续把中午时段调整为低谷甚至深谷电价时 段。 用户和电网侧，通过价格信号的精准调控引导削峰填谷，有利于降低用户用电成本、保障电网安全稳定 运行。比如，海南"零点高峰"现象极具代表性。截至2024年底，海南新能源汽车保有量达40.9万辆，新 能源汽车集中在零点充电，导致电网负荷纪录频繁刷新，2023年和2024年迎峰度夏期间，在"00:00— 00:20"时段13次创新高，电网系统调节能力面临挑战。为此，从2025年4月1日起，海南省调整了分时用 电时段，原谷时段"00:00—00:20"变为平时段，而"08:00—10:00"则调整为新的谷时段，通过分时电价的 调整引导用户主动参与 ...

Group 1: Time-of-Use Pricing Adjustments - The introduction of "deep valley" pricing in Jiangxi, a 70% reduction from flat rates, and a 65% reduction in Jiangsu's new afternoon valley pricing indicates a shift towards more refined time-of-use pricing policies [1] - The adjustments in time-of-use pricing are essential for transitioning the power system from "source following load" to "source-load interaction," aiming to enhance renewable energy consumption, ensure grid stability, and optimize user costs [1][2] - Shandong's innovative "five-segment" pricing policy, which includes a deep valley price during peak solar output hours, aims to encourage users to adjust their electricity consumption patterns [3] Group 2: Renewable Energy Consumption - As of March 2023, China's wind and solar power generation capacity reached 1.482 billion kilowatts, surpassing thermal power capacity, indicating a significant shift in energy generation [2] - The utilization rates for wind and solar energy were reported at 93.8% and 93.9% respectively for January-February 2025, showing a decline compared to the previous year, highlighting the challenges in matching supply and demand [2] - The implementation of time-of-use pricing is seen as a critical solution to address the increasing mismatch in electricity supply and demand due to the rapid growth of renewable energy installations [2] Group 3: Economic and Operational Impacts - The establishment of deep valley pricing during holidays in Hubei aims to encourage businesses to increase electricity consumption, thereby supporting economic activity and reducing costs [4] - The adjustments in pricing mechanisms redefine the value of electricity over time, facilitating a shift from passive acceptance of renewable energy to proactive management [4] - The "five-segment" pricing in Shandong is expected to significantly increase renewable energy consumption by 2.3 billion kilowatt-hours in 2024, demonstrating its effectiveness in load management [3] Group 4: Grid Stability and Electric Vehicle Integration - The growing peak-to-valley load difference in the grid, exacerbated by the rise of electric vehicles and air conditioning loads, necessitates a shift from rigid peak management to flexible regulation [5] - Hainan's adjustment of time-of-use pricing for electric vehicle charging aims to enhance grid stability and accommodate the increasing demand from electric vehicles [6] - Shandong's pricing mechanism for electric vehicle charging encourages users to charge during low-cost periods, potentially reducing annual charging costs by approximately 30% [7] Group 5: Future Outlook - The dynamic balance between renewable energy consumption, grid safety, and user economics is expected to evolve with the integration of time-of-use pricing, energy storage technologies, and virtual power plants [8] - The ongoing development of a new power system and the continuous upgrade of energy consumption structures will likely enhance the flexibility of time-of-use pricing mechanisms [8]