结直肠癌的发展通常遵循"息肉→腺瘤→癌变"的过程，这个过程可能长达5年至10年。全结肠镜检查不 仅能发现息肉，还能在检查中通过微创技术直接切除大部分息肉，尤其是腺瘤性息肉，阻止其癌变。这 种早发现、早切除的方式，相当于从源头阻断了癌症的发生，是目前公认的防控结直肠癌最有效的方 法。 明确肠道不适病因 （来源：天津日报） 转自：天津日报 我市每年对40岁至74岁常住居民进行大肠癌筛查，筛查检出的高危人群建议到全结肠镜检查定点医疗机 构进行肠镜检查。市人民医院肛肠外科纪烈辰主任医师表示，每年大肠癌筛查都有高危人群放弃肠镜检 查的情况，其中不乏后来诊断为肠癌的病人。定期接受全结肠镜检查是预防和早期发现结直肠疾病尤其 是结直肠癌的重要手段，随着肠癌发病率逐年上升，建议市民多了解肠镜检查的意义，普通人45岁后开 始首次结肠镜检查，高危人群则需提前。 早期发现结直肠癌 大幅提升治愈率 结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一，早期往往没有明显症状，一旦出现便血、腹痛、排便习惯改变等症 状，可能已进展至中晚期，治疗难度和死亡率均会升高。全结肠镜检查能直接观察肠道内壁，发现直径 仅几毫米的息肉、溃疡等病变，甚至能识别腺瘤性息肉等癌前病变 ...

Core Viewpoint - The integrated prevention and control model for "tumors + chronic diseases" initiated in Harbin provides an innovative systemic solution for Chinese cities to address the increasing challenges posed by chronic non-communicable diseases [1][26]. Group 1: Cancer Statistics and Trends - The latest cancer statistics from the National Cancer Center indicate that colorectal cancer has risen to the second highest incidence of malignant tumors in China [2]. - The rapid increase in colorectal cancer cases reflects a profound change in the disease spectrum in China, highlighting the complexity and urgency of prevention and control efforts [3]. Group 2: Challenges in Early Detection - Colorectal cancer is often referred to as a "silent killer" due to its extremely subtle early symptoms, making early detection challenging [7]. - Public misunderstanding of early symptoms leads to delays in diagnosis, with many mistaking symptoms for less serious conditions like hemorrhoids [9]. - Traditional detection methods, such as colonoscopy, face significant barriers including patient compliance and a shortage of qualified medical professionals, particularly in rural areas [9]. Group 3: Innovative Detection Technologies - New non-invasive molecular detection technologies, such as fecal DNA methylation testing, offer advantages in sensitivity, convenience, and public acceptance for early colorectal cancer detection [13][14]. - This technology captures and analyzes abnormal methylated DNA in feces, providing a reliable assessment of cancer risk [13]. Group 4: Harbin's Integrated Prevention Model - Harbin's initiative, set to cover 2.4 million people over three years, aims to implement a layered detection strategy combining non-invasive screening with precise diagnostic procedures [19][21]. - The project is supported by a collaboration between the Harbin Health Commission and professional institutions like BGI, ensuring effective implementation [19]. Group 5: Economic and Public Health Benefits - A cost-effectiveness analysis from Wuhan indicates a benefit-cost ratio of 1:8.55 for the new fecal DNA methylation testing, suggesting significant long-term economic benefits from early detection [27]. - Early detection can drastically reduce treatment costs compared to late-stage cancer treatment, which can reach hundreds of thousands of yuan [27]. Group 6: Broader Implications for National Health Strategy - Harbin's model not only validates a successful regional application of detection technology but also suggests a potential pathway for national health strategy transformation, focusing on integrating advanced technology with grassroots execution and innovative incentives [28].