联合国儿童基金会同日警告说，因苏丹约七成医疗机构无法正常运转，该国2026年将有340万名5岁以下儿童面临感染致命疾病风险。 2023年4月15日，苏丹军方与快速支援部队在首都喀土穆爆发武装冲突，战火随后蔓延至其他地区。据联合国数据，苏丹约5000万人口中，超过 1180万人流离失所，2120万人面临严重粮食不安全状况，3000多万人急需人道主义援助。 报告指出，持续冲突、流离失所、粮食短缺与基本服务匮乏导致苏丹情况进一步恶化，预计该国2026年可能有82.4万名5岁以下儿童出现严重急性 营养不良。此外，微量营养元素摄入不足问题在苏丹同样突出，近一半5岁以下儿童患缺铁性贫血。 国际组织"全球营养联盟"19日发布的报告显示，苏丹2026年将有500万名5岁以下儿童和340万名孕妇及哺乳期妇女需要营养援助，其中约420万人 可能患上急性营养不良。 ...

Core Viewpoint - Iron is a crucial component for synthesizing hemoglobin, and its deficiency can lead to anemia. Proper administration of iron supplements is essential for effective treatment and minimizing side effects [1][3]. Group 1: Iron Supplement Types - Oral iron supplements, such as ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate, should ideally be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption [3]. - Intravenous iron supplements, like sucrose iron and carboxymaltose iron, are fully absorbed and act quickly but require medical supervision and may have serious side effects [3]. Group 2: Factors Affecting Iron Absorption - Certain foods and medications, including nuts, milk, calcium supplements, and antacids, can inhibit iron absorption and should be consumed at specific times relative to iron supplement intake [4]. - Vitamin C can enhance iron absorption and is recommended to be taken alongside iron supplements [4]. Group 3: Managing Side Effects - Gastrointestinal reactions, such as black stools, are normal and should not cause alarm. Constipation can be managed with increased dietary fiber and hydration [5]. - Liquid iron formulations may cause teeth staining; using a straw and rinsing the mouth afterward is advised [6]. Group 4: Personalized Medication Approach - Individualized dosing and timing of iron supplements can significantly improve treatment efficacy. High-absorption and well-tolerated iron formulations are preferred [7]. - If hemoglobin levels do not improve after two weeks of consistent use, further investigation into potential underlying issues is necessary [7].