Core Insights - The article highlights the severe humanitarian crisis in Rubaya, a mining town in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), exacerbated by the control of the M23 rebel group over key tantalum mining areas since April 2024 [1][2] Group 1: Economic Impact - The M23 group controls the mining, transportation, and sales of tantalum, significantly affecting the local economy and creating a complex and opaque supply chain for international markets [2][3] - It is estimated that the M23 group generates over $800,000 monthly from taxes on mineral extraction in Rubaya, with local residents suggesting the actual figure may be higher [2] Group 2: Labor Conditions - Approximately 10,000 registered miners work in Rubaya, with many more likely present due to high mobility in the area; however, the M23 has reportedly banned women and minors from mining, yet violations are observed [2] - Residents are also forced to engage in labor such as road construction and mining expansion under the M23's control [3] Group 3: International Concerns - The United Nations has expressed deep concern over the situation, indicating that illegal smuggling of DRC's natural resources is empowering armed groups and perpetuating civilian suffering [3] - The UN calls for international sanctions against those profiting from illegal trade to restore peace and alleviate the suffering of civilians [3]