研究人员解释说，敲击一面鼓，鼓膜便会振动，其发出的声音可以反映鼓膜的张紧程度。纳米膜片的工 作原理与此类似，其振动状态会受到外界微小作用力的影响，并通过谐振电路被灵敏地读取出来。该系 统对振动变化极为敏感，其测量噪声已降低至仅受量子物理基本定律限制的水平。 传统原子力显微镜通常依赖光学系统读取微小机械振动，但光学系统往往结构复杂、体积较大，且对环 境稳定性要求较高，限制了系统的小型化和集成化。为突破这一瓶颈，研究团队采用电学和机械振荡方 式替代光学读取方案。 此次研究中，纳米膜片与电极形成的电容与电感元件共同构成电学谐振电路。膜片的微小振动会引起电 路共振频率的变化，从而实现对极微弱机械振动的高精度测量。 （来源：科创中国） 据最新一期《先进材料技术》杂志报道，奥地利维也纳工业大学研究人员开发出一种超紧凑平行板电容 结构，间隙仅为32纳米，刷新了同类结构的微型化纪录，并在测量精度上逼近量子物理极限。研究团队 认为，这是测量技术的一次飞跃，表明相关纳米结构已具备开发新一代高精度量子传感器的关键条件， 有望推动量子测量技术和高端精密仪器的发展。 32纳米的间隙是一个可移动铝膜片与固定电极之间的距离，两者共同构成了 ...

Core Viewpoint - Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed an ultra-compact parallel plate capacitor structure with a gap of only 32 nanometers, setting a new miniaturization record for similar structures and approaching the measurement precision limits of quantum physics, indicating a significant advancement in measurement technology and the potential for new high-precision quantum sensors [1][3][5] Group 1: Technical Innovations - The 32-nanometer gap is the distance between a movable aluminum membrane and a fixed electrode, forming an extremely compact parallel plate capacitor aimed at high-precision sensor design, which is a core component urgently needed for devices like atomic force microscopes [3] - Traditional atomic force microscopes rely on optical systems to read tiny mechanical vibrations, which are often complex and large, limiting miniaturization and integration; the research team has replaced this optical reading method with electrical and mechanical oscillation methods [3][4] - The capacitive and inductive components formed by the nano-membrane and electrode create an electrical resonant circuit, where the tiny vibrations of the membrane cause changes in the circuit's resonance frequency, enabling high-precision measurement of extremely weak mechanical vibrations [3][4] Group 2: Alternative Measurement Platforms - In addition to the electrical resonant scheme, the team demonstrated a purely mechanical measurement platform where different micro-mechanical resonators are integrated on the same chip, allowing their vibrations to couple and transmit information [4] - This purely mechanical system can operate at room temperature and achieve effective coupling in the gigahertz frequency range, avoiding the need for extremely low-temperature environments required by many quantum sensing experiments [4][5] - The development of this nano-scale "drum" and micro-capacitor paves the way for the creation of new ultra-sensitive sensors capable of detecting extremely weak magnetic fields, gravitational forces, or frequency signals, with significant application potential [5]