Core Insights - The research reveals the dual role of ilmenite in the distribution and storage of water on the lunar surface, which is crucial for understanding lunar evolution and future resource utilization [1][2] Group 1: Water Sources and Distribution - Solar wind-derived hydrogen is a significant source of water on the lunar surface, with previous analyses indicating high water content in silicate minerals like olivine and pyroxene [1] - Recent remote sensing observations suggest that water distribution is related to titanium content, with lower titanium areas generally having higher water content compared to high-titanium basalt regions [1] Group 2: Ilmenite's Water Storage Capacity - Ilmenite exhibits a poorer water retention capability despite being exposed to solar wind, as it forms numerous vesicles and lattice defects under irradiation [2] - The weak iron-oxygen and titanium-oxygen bonds in ilmenite facilitate hydrogen bonding but also lead to the formation of vesicles that can cause water escape when internal pressure is high [2] Group 3: Implications for Lunar Research - The findings explain the significant daily variations of water in high-titanium regions, indicating that while ilmenite efficiently generates water, it struggles to retain it [2] - This research enhances the understanding of lunar water cycles and provides important references for future lunar exploration and in-situ water resource utilization [2]