Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Transcript Industry Overview - **Industry**: Aerospace & Defense Electronics, specifically focusing on the Commercial Aftermarket (AM) pricing dynamics [1][2] Core Insights 1. **Maintenance Cost Increases**: Maintenance costs have risen by 30-35% since 2021/2022, with expectations for continued momentum in the high single digits (MSD+) moving forward [1][4][21] 2. **Turnaround Times (TAT)**: TATs remain elevated at approximately 100-125 days, although some relief is being found through engine exchange programs [1][16][31] 3. **PMA and USM Advantages**: Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA) and Used Serviceable Material (USM) are gaining traction due to their pricing advantages, with PMA parts sold at a 20-25% discount to Original Equipment (OE) list prices [3][5][10] 4. **Workscope Expansion**: Workscope expansions can lead to significant increases in service costs, with second shop visits (SVs) for GE90 engines being 60-70% heavier than first visits [4][22] 5. **Parts Inflation**: Parts inflation is shifting the market mix towards USM, with certain parts seeing price increases from ~$20K to ~$30-35K, representing a 63% rise [5][21] 6. **Contract Structures**: New contract structures are reallocating risk and unlocking savings, with OEMs absorbing non-maturity risks in early program Pay-By-Hour (PBH) contracts [6][21] 7. **Lease Rates and Scarcity**: Lease rates have increased by approximately 5-10% over the past year, driven by system-wide scarcity and elongating TATs [7][16][28] Additional Important Insights 1. **Market Growth**: The aftermarket is projected to grow by 8% in 2026, outpacing the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Revenue Passenger Kilometers (RPKs) growth of 6% [8] 2. **Expert Commentary**: PMA parts are noted to have gross margins of 50-70% for suppliers, indicating a lucrative market despite historical reluctance from lessors to adopt PMA due to lease return conditions [3][10][19] 3. **MRO Capacity Constraints**: The MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) capacity remains constrained, with shortages in USM and spare engines pushing costs higher and extending turnaround times [28][33] 4. **Platform-Specific Dynamics**: Different engine platforms such as CFM56, LEAP, and GTF are experiencing unique challenges, including durability issues and rising maintenance demands [41][42][43] 5. **Future Projections**: LEAP services revenues are expected to reach approximately $6.5 billion by 2028, up from around $3.2 billion in 2025, indicating strong growth potential in this segment [11][12] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the current state and future outlook of the aerospace and defense aftermarket industry.