Core Points - The US and Australian governments have signed an agreement aimed at "critical mineral and energy dominance," which is expected to lead to significant investments in mining projects in both countries [2][4] - Arafura Rare Earths Ltd and other companies in the rare earth sector have seen their share prices increase following the announcement of this agreement [1][5] - The agreement includes a commitment of US$3 billion in investments over the next six months to develop critical projects across Australia [4] Investment Opportunities - The first project under the agreement is a gallium refinery in Western Australia, developed by Alcoa-Sojitz, which is projected to produce approximately 100 tonnes of gallium annually [3] - Arafura's NT Nolans project, which focuses on neodymium production, is another potential investment opportunity, with its share price rising over 9% [5] - Additional potential projects include titanium and zircon initiatives in Victoria, Queensland, and New South Wales, as well as a graphite mine in Queensland [5] Government Involvement - The US and Australian governments will gain stakes in the facilities built through this financing and will have rights to a portion of the rare earth supply [4] - The motivation behind this agreement is to diversify supply sources away from China, enhancing the strategic position of both countries in the critical minerals market [4]