Core Viewpoint - The development of a new concrete alternative based on fungi by engineers at Montana State University presents a sustainable solution to the environmental burden of traditional cement production, which accounts for approximately 8% of global CO2 emissions [1]. Group 1: Innovation in Materials - The new material falls under the category of Engineered Living Materials (ELMs), which combines living organisms with non-biological materials to create unique properties [3]. - The core component of this material is the rapidly growing fungus Neurospora crassa, which forms a mycelial network that provides a robust structural framework [3]. - The introduction of the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii facilitates a microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) process, transforming the loose substrate into a cement-like solid [3]. Group 2: Structural Design and Potential - The fungal framework offers high design flexibility for internal structures, allowing for complex geometries that mimic human cortical bone, enhancing strength and toughness while potentially providing self-healing capabilities [5]. - This is the first application of fungal mycelium networks in engineering materials, indicating significant potential for reducing reliance on traditional cement and lowering carbon emissions in the construction industry [5]. - Challenges remain, including cost control, scalability, and industry application, but advancements in extending material lifespan and optimizing manufacturing processes could revolutionize urban landscapes in the future [5].