Group 1: Legal Context and Implications - The U.S. Supreme Court is expected to rule on the legality of tariffs imposed by President Trump under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which could result in nearly $150 billion in refunds to importers if deemed illegal [1][2] Group 2: Companies Challenging Tariffs - Major corporations such as Costco, Revlon, EssilorLuxottica, Bumble Bee Foods, Yokohama Tire, and Kawasaki Motors have filed lawsuits against the U.S. government, contesting the IEEPA-based tariffs and seeking refunds [2] Group 3: Tariff Categories - The tariffs under the IEEPA fall into three categories: 1. Fentanyl-linked tariffs on China, Mexico, and Canada 2. Broad "reciprocal" tariffs aimed at reducing trade deficits 3. Punitive levies against countries for non-trade political reasons [2] Group 4: Industries Exempt from Tariffs - Pharmaceuticals, energy, agricultural commodities, services, and aircraft/aerospace industries are largely exempt from U.S. tariffs due to their critical nature and potential impact on public health and international commerce [3] Group 5: Countries and Industries Affected by Tariffs - **China and Hong Kong**: Consumer electronics, machinery, medical devices, chemicals, toys with a tariff rate of 10% [4] - **Taiwan**: Semiconductors and chipmakers with a tariff rate of 20% [4] - **Mexico**: Autos and auto parts with no tariff for USMCA-compliant goods, but 25% for non-USMCA goods [4] - **Canada**: Metals and energy products with no tariff for USMCA-compliant goods, but 25% for non-USMCA goods [4] - **European Union and UK**: Autos and machinery with a tariff rate of 15% on most EU goods, and 10%-25% on UK goods depending on the product [4] - **Japan and South Korea**: Autos and machinery with reduced tariffs to about 15% [4] - **Southeast Asia**: Apparel and footwear with tariffs ranging from 19% to 20% [4]