Core Viewpoint - The three major economic regions of China—Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei—have achieved impressive foreign trade results in a complex international economic environment, leveraging their unique industrial endowments and regional characteristics to enhance national competitiveness [1][2]. Group 1: Regional Development Paths - The Yangtze River Delta relies on a strong industrial base, complete supporting facilities, and a vibrant private economy, leading in high-end manufacturing and technological innovation, forming a cluster advantage in high-tech products [1]. - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area capitalizes on its internationalized and market-oriented nature, utilizing Hong Kong's status as a global financial and trade center to enhance cross-border logistics and integrate resources, solidifying its position in the global supply chain [2]. - The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region benefits from Beijing's strong radiating power and the advantages of free trade zones, promoting innovation and industrial collaboration among the three areas, with exports in automobiles and pharmaceuticals driving foreign trade growth [2]. Group 2: Challenges in Regional Cooperation - There are discrepancies in marketization, openness, and governance among the three regions, leading to challenges in unifying rules and standards, particularly in areas like commercial systems and data flow regulations [2][3]. - High-end factors such as talent, capital, and technology face "soft" barriers to free movement across regions, limiting the full realization of regional synergies [3]. - The absence of a reasonable cross-regional benefit compensation mechanism poses challenges in coordinating interests during regional collaboration, as industrial transfers can alter tax revenue and development opportunities [3]. - The need for optimizing supply chain layouts amidst global value chain restructuring requires a national strategic approach to avoid homogenized competition and ensure risk-sharing in supply chain optimization [3].