Core Insights - Insurance companies primarily cover pure risks, which are situations with potential loss but no opportunity for financial gain, while speculative risks, such as gambling or business ventures, are generally not insured [3][5][17] Group 1: Elements of Insurable Risk - Insurable risks must be due to chance, meaning losses must occur unexpectedly and unintentionally [8] - Definiteness and measurability are crucial; policyholders must provide clear proof of loss, typically in measurable amounts [9] - Risks must be statistically predictable, allowing insurers to estimate the frequency and severity of potential losses [11] - Standard insurance does not cover catastrophic risks, which are severe losses deemed too unpredictable or expensive to insure [10][12] - Insurance operates on the law of large numbers, requiring a large and random sample of exposures to make accurate predictions about losses [15][16] Group 2: Types of Risks - Pure risks include natural disasters, accidents, and personal risks affecting income-earning capacity, while speculative risks are not covered by insurance [6][17] - Not all pure risks are universally covered; for instance, flooding may not be included in standard homeowners' policies [7][19] - Economic hardship must result from the risk for it to be insurable, as this is a fundamental aspect of valid insurance contracts [20]