Oil and gas refining is entering a new era, one defined not only by global demand fluctuations, regulatory pressure and decarbonisation goals but also by the operational intelligence required to keep complex refining assets running at peak performance. The US Energy Information Administration has revealed that global refining capacity stood at around 103.5 million barrels per day (mbbl/d) in 2023. Most planned growth is expected to be in the Middle East and Asia-Pacific regions, especially in China and In ...