Group 1 - Western countries have led the push for net-zero economies while outsourcing high-emission activities to countries like China, which is the largest builder of wind and solar energy, EVs, and investor in transition technology [1][4] - China is the largest producer of cement, with an annual production of 2,000 million tons in 2023, while the United States ranks fourth with 90 million tons, indicating a significant gap in production between these countries [2] - The outsourcing of heavy industry from the West to the East has been ongoing for over 30 years, contributing to China's economic growth and affecting other Asian economies like India and Vietnam, with a new trend of outsourcing moving towards Africa [3] Group 2 - In 2024, global spending on energy transition activities reached $2.4 trillion, with China accounting for 49% of this total, while Western countries contributed most of the remaining investments [4] - The outsourcing of heavy industries has made producing countries reliant on these sectors, complicating their transition away from hydrocarbons, unlike European countries that have reduced emissions by outsourcing their heavy industry [5]