Core Insights - The research team at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology has made significant advancements in the development of attenuated live vaccines, focusing on the optimization of PROTAR vaccine technology through the diversity of E3 ubiquitin ligases and viral proteins [1][2] Group 1: Research Achievements - The team has established a PROTAR influenza vaccine library and developed PROTAR vaccine 2.0, providing new strategies for safer and more effective attenuated live vaccine development [1] - A unique "life switch" element, PTD, has been designed to control the stability and degradation of viral proteins, which is crucial for reducing viral replication and transforming viruses into potential vaccines [1] Group 2: Technical Developments - The research utilized the diversity of E3 ubiquitin ligases to construct 22 types of PROTAR vaccine strains, expanding the variety of PROTAR vaccines and demonstrating their diversity [2] - PROTAR vaccine 2.0 allows for the PTD element to be loaded at any suitable site on the viral protein, enhancing the technology's applicability across different viruses [2] Group 3: Experimental Validation - Validation experiments in MDCK cells, mouse models, and ferret models demonstrated that PROTAR vaccine 2.0 exhibits good safety, immunogenicity, and cross-immunity protection effects [2] - The universal applicability of PROTAR vaccine 2.0 has been confirmed across various influenza viruses [2]