Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a new spatial proteomics technology called iPEX, which enables high-resolution and high-throughput detection of proteins in various tissues, addressing the limitations of traditional spatial proteomics methods [3][4][6]. Group 1: Technology Overview - iPEX combines tissue expansion with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), achieving a spatial resolution down to 1-5 micrometers and increasing protein identification sensitivity by 10-100 times [6][9]. - The technology allows for unbiased, high-throughput detection of hundreds to over a thousand proteins in various tissues, including the brain, gut, liver, and organoids [4][8]. Group 2: Application in Alzheimer's Disease Research - The iPEX technology was applied to a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, revealing early mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulation of the key enzyme ACAA1, which drives the impairment of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis [4][8]. - The study found that the expression level of ACAA1 decreased in young mice, and the absence of ACAA1 blocked the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating its role in early neurodegenerative processes [8].