In finance a number is worthless until you can say where it came from. Vinoo Ganesh, CEO of Kepler, starts from the fact that language models are probability machines, brilliant at next token prediction and unreliable at the deterministic work, like arithmetic, that finance actually runs on. So Kepler treats the model as one part of a system rather than the whole answer, wrapping it in a deterministic substrate that makes every figure traceable. It rests on three tenets. Atomic provenance means every number ...