Core Viewpoint - The release of the "Major Change List for Nuclear Technology Utilization Construction Projects (Trial)" serves as an important enhancement to the environmental impact assessment management system in the nuclear technology utilization field, providing clear criteria for defining significant changes in construction projects, thereby improving regulatory efficiency and marking a further refinement and standardization of environmental management in this sector [1][3]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The "List" aims to further standardize the environmental impact assessment management of nuclear technology utilization construction projects, following relevant laws and regulations [3][6]. - The absence of a dedicated major change list in the nuclear technology utilization sector previously posed challenges for management departments and construction units, which the "List" now addresses [8]. Group 2: Industry Characteristics - Nuclear technology is widely applied across various sectors, including industry, medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, public safety, and aerospace, creating new models and integrating into daily life [5]. - The unique sensitivity and high-risk characteristics of nuclear technology utilization projects necessitate precise identification and strict control of any changes that may amplify radiation risks or alter radiation pathways [8][9]. Group 3: Specific Criteria for Major Changes - The "List" specifies criteria for determining significant changes in nuclear technology utilization construction projects based on project nature, location, scale, process, and radiation safety measures [11]. - Specific conditions include changes in project nature, relocation or adjustment of radiation work sites, increases in the category or quantity of radioactive sources, and alterations in production processes that may exacerbate adverse impacts [11]. Group 4: Impact on Industry Development - The implementation of the "List" will effectively standardize the environmental impact assessment management of nuclear technology utilization construction projects, providing a basis for administrative approval and supervision, thus ensuring public health and responding to societal expectations for a good ecological environment [12]. - The continuous development of nuclear technology and the improvement of management systems will lead to a more scientific and efficient nuclear safety regulatory system in China, providing solid guarantees for the safe utilization of nuclear technology [13].

近日，生态环境部发布了生态环境标准《核技术利用放射性废物库运行管理技术规范》（HJ 1417- 2025，以下简称《标准》），自2025年9月1日起实施。生态环境部辐射源安全监管司有关负责人就《标 准》制定背景、制定原则、主要内容等回答了记者提问。 问：《标准》制定的背景是什么？ 答：《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》《放射性废物安全管理条例》和《放射性同位素与射线装置 安全和防护条例》均对放射性废物管理提出了要求。核技术利用放射性废物库（以下简称废物库）主要 用于贮存核技术利用产生的废旧放射源和放射性废物，是核技术利用辐射安全的重要保障。目前，各 省、自治区、直辖市核技术利用放射性废物库运行单位在放射性废物（源）收贮和废物库管理工作中， 尚缺乏统一的技术标准。为落实法律法规要求，规范核技术利用放射性废物库的运行管理工作，确保废 物库安全有效运行，保障核技术利用行业健康发展，我部制定该《标准》。 问：《标准》制定的原则是什么？ 答：一是强调协调性。以我国辐射安全法律法规为主要依据，与现行标准、规范相协调。《标准》有机 衔接了我部2022年出台的《核技术利用放射性废物库选址、设计与建造技术规范》（HJ1258- ...