Core Insights - The trade agreements announced by US President Trump in Southeast Asia are characterized as "historic" but reveal uneven benefits and numerous uncertainties for the involved countries [1][2]. Trade Agreements Overview - The agreements include the removal of many tariff and non-tariff barriers on US exports, with commitments from Southeast Asian nations to purchase nearly $150 billion worth of US goods, particularly in sectors like semiconductors and aerospace [2][6]. - The agreements are perceived as "one-sided," with Southeast Asian countries facing unclear benefits and potential costs to their domestic industries due to the rollback of tariffs on US goods [3][7]. Economic Impact on Southeast Asia - For Malaysia, the tariff exemptions are estimated to apply to about $12 billion of its exports to the US, which is approximately 2.8% of its GDP, but only about $1 billion of these exports will benefit from a zero tariff rate [3][4]. - The Malaysian stock market showed a decline following the announcement, indicating that investors may have already priced in the trade deals [5]. Specific Country Insights - Vietnam is highlighted as a significant contributor to regional exports to the US, accounting for about $18 billion of the $41 billion total in July [9]. - Cambodia expressed satisfaction with the deal but is seeking further exemptions for garments and footwear, which constitute about 50% of its exports [13]. - Malaysia's Trade Minister indicated that the deal provides better access to US markets and exemptions for specific products like palm oil and pharmaceuticals [14]. Future Negotiations and Uncertainties - The framework of the agreements is non-binding, and detailed negotiations are expected to continue, particularly for Thailand, with a goal to conclude by the end of the year [13]. - There remains uncertainty regarding how the US will classify "transshipped" goods, which could be subject to high tariffs, adding complexity for manufacturers [11][12].