Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue for the second quarter was $792 million, down 3% year on year but up 2% sequentially [11] - Gross margin on a GAAP basis was 44.4%, and on a non-GAAP basis, it was 46.6%, generally in line with guidance [12] - Non-GAAP EPS was $0.66 per share, at the high end of guidance [12] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Materials Solutions sales were $355 million, up 4% year on year, driven by CMP slurries and pads, selective etch, and deposition materials [13] - Advanced Purity Solutions sales were $440 million, down 7% year on year but up 1% sequentially, primarily due to a decline in facilities-based CapEx investments [14] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Asia customers represent approximately 70% of total revenue, with expectations to serve about 85% of China demand from Asian manufacturing sites by the end of the year [8][36] - The semiconductor market is expected to remain dynamic, with AI-enabled applications driving growth in advanced logic and HBM, while mainstream logic and NAND demand remains subdued [10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on optimizing its global manufacturing footprint and supply chain to enhance efficiency and reduce lead times [8] - Investments in new manufacturing facilities in Taiwan and Colorado are expected to ramp up production volumes in the fourth quarter [6][9] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism for a stronger second half of the year, despite ongoing trade policy volatility and uncertainty impacting semiconductor demand [11] - The company remains committed to reducing gross leverage to below four times and prioritizing debt repayment [17] Other Important Information - Free cash flow was $79 million in the first half of the year, with expectations for a free cash flow margin in the low double digits for 2025 [15] - The company has implemented cost reduction initiatives expected to deliver $15 million in annual savings [15] Q&A Session Summary Question: Industry conditions in semiconductors - Management described the current industry conditions as mixed, with strong AI-related demand but subdued fab utilization levels in mainstream logic and NAND [25][26] Question: China business and order resumption - The China business started slow in Q2 but saw an 8% sequential increase in the latter part of the quarter after tariffs were put on hold [29][30] Question: Q3 guidance scenarios - Guidance for Q3 reflects a mix of favorable wafer start environment and ongoing tariff uncertainties impacting customer buying patterns [33][34] Question: Inventory adjustment process impact - Management indicated that inventory management is a balancing act impacting gross margins, with a focus on optimizing free cash flow [81][70] Question: Differences in sales channels - Fab revenue was up sequentially, while sales to equipment makers and chemical suppliers were down modestly, reflecting a soft industry CapEx environment [74]