Core Viewpoint - A novel non-invasive method for brain stimulation using microelectrodes delivered via immune cells has been developed, potentially revolutionizing the treatment of neurological diseases without the need for invasive surgery [1][2][3]. Group 1: Research Background - Traditional treatments for brain diseases like Parkinson's and epilepsy often require invasive electrode implantation through craniotomy, which carries risks of infection and tissue damage [1]. - Existing non-invasive techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, lack the spatial resolution needed for precise neuronal control [1]. Group 2: Innovative Technology - The research team introduced a biological "delivery" system named "Circulatronics," utilizing subcellular-sized wireless electronic devices (SWEDs) that are approximately 10 micrometers in diameter [2]. - These devices can be powered wirelessly by near-infrared light, which penetrates several centimeters of tissue, including the skull and brain [2]. Group 3: Experimental Validation - In experiments, the team induced localized inflammation in the brains of mice and injected the "cell-electronic" hybrids, which successfully targeted the inflamed areas [3]. - The devices were activated by external near-infrared light, demonstrating precise stimulation of surrounding neurons with a spatial accuracy of 30 micrometers [3]. Group 4: Future Implications - The technology could potentially eliminate the need for craniotomy in treating various inflammation-related neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and post-stroke conditions [3]. - There is potential for broader applications by using different types of immune cells for targeting other diseases in various body parts [3]. Group 5: Current Limitations - The technology is still in early animal testing stages, and improvements in targeting efficiency and long-term safety need to be validated through larger studies [4].