Core Insights - The article highlights the evolution of China's manufacturing capabilities over the past 60 years, particularly in the context of large-scale engineering projects like the Beijing subway system [2][4]. Group 1: Historical Context - The first phase of the Beijing subway construction began in 1965, utilizing open-cut construction methods, reflecting the nascent state of China's manufacturing industry at that time [2][3]. - At that time, China's manufacturing sector lacked significant capabilities in large engineering equipment, indicating a period of limited technological advancement [3]. Group 2: Current Developments - A large shield tunneling machine is currently undergoing pre-delivery testing in a workshop near the Yellow River, signifying advancements in manufacturing technology [4]. - This machine is set to be deployed for the construction of a branch line of the Beijing subway, showcasing the progress made in the manufacturing sector over the past half-century [4].