Core Viewpoint - Western museums are undergoing a transformation in their identity, shifting from being seen as authoritative collectors of art to becoming custodians with moral responsibilities for the artifacts they hold, particularly those acquired through colonialism and theft [1][2][7]. Group 1: Museum Identity Crisis - Some Western museums are beginning to return stolen artifacts, reflecting a growing awareness of their moral obligations regarding the provenance of their collections [1][7]. - The shift in perspective indicates a decline in Western cultural hegemony, as museums reassess their roles in light of increasing demands for the return of looted cultural heritage [7][10]. - The traditional view that museums are the rightful owners of artifacts is being challenged, with scholars arguing that collectors and institutions are the true "plunderers" [3][4]. Group 2: Changing Attitudes Towards Artifacts - Museums are increasingly acknowledging the dark histories associated with their collections, with some institutions like the San Francisco Asian Art Museum actively researching the origins of their artifacts [2][3]. - The 2002 declaration signed by major Western museums, which defended their collections as part of their national heritage, is now being questioned in light of contemporary ethical considerations [4][6]. - The public perception of museums is shifting, with more individuals recognizing the need for restitution of stolen artifacts [9]. Group 3: Global Context and Future Directions - The rise of new museums in Africa aims to reclaim cultural heritage and provide a platform for artifacts currently held in Western institutions [10][11]. - Some European countries are supportive of returning looted artifacts, while others, like the UK, maintain a more resistant stance, complicating the restitution dialogue [10][11]. - The ongoing debate about the ethical responsibilities of museums highlights the tension between historical narratives and contemporary values [8][12].