Core Viewpoint - The major power outage in Spain on April 28 serves as a significant warning for global energy transition, highlighting the vulnerabilities of electric grids under high renewable energy penetration [1] Group 1: Challenges in Renewable Energy Integration - The recent power outage in Spain is not an isolated incident, as similar stability crises have occurred in Germany and California due to high renewable energy penetration [3] - Key challenges include the volatility of renewable energy generation, which is heavily influenced by weather, and the lack of traditional inertia support from fossil fuel power plants [3] - There is a structural shortage of flexible resources such as energy storage and gas power generation, which hampers the grid's ability to respond to sudden power fluctuations [3] - The existing transmission capacity is insufficient to match the uneven distribution of renewable energy, limiting the ability for cross-regional power sharing [3] - The rapid expansion of renewable energy capacity is not matched by necessary upgrades in grid adaptability, with Spain's renewable energy generation reaching 51.5% in 2023 while grid investment has declined [3] Group 2: Recommendations for Grid Resilience - To enhance grid resilience, it is essential to accelerate the construction of energy storage systems and flexible resources, including the retrofitting of coal power plants for flexibility [5] - Upgrading the grid's "nervous system" through digital twin technology and smart sensors can significantly improve monitoring and response capabilities [5] - Strengthening cross-regional power sharing requires both domestic and international efforts, including the construction of ultra-high voltage transmission lines and collaboration with neighboring regions [5] Group 3: Policy and Market Mechanisms - Establishing a robust auxiliary service market is crucial for incentivizing flexible resources to participate in grid management [6] - Enhancing extreme weather response capabilities through a comprehensive early warning system and emergency response plans is necessary for sustainable energy transition [6]