Core Insights - The research team from Yanzhou Bay National Laboratory and Peking University has developed a new genome editing strategy called the "Mortise and Tenon System," which has achieved insertion and replacement efficiencies of 16.30% to 59.47% in rice, providing a new tool for precise plant genome editing and opening new pathways for crop genetic improvement [2][3] Group 1: Technology Development - The "Mortise and Tenon System" is inspired by traditional Chinese wooden architecture, focusing on the precise complementary pairing of "tenon" and "mortise" [3] - The system utilizes a unique double-strand break structure at target genomic sites, allowing for precise insertion or replacement of DNA segments through end-capture mechanisms [3] Group 2: Advantages of the System - The system exhibits three core advantages: strong specificity, broad applicability, and comprehensive functionality, enabling precise generation of expected sticky ends and effective editing across various target sites [3] - It can perform both precise insertion of small segments and replacement of segments, with stable inheritance of editing events to offspring [3] Group 3: Future Potential - The "Mortise and Tenon System" theoretically possesses the potential for large fragment DNA editing, with ongoing optimization of key technologies related to donor delivery efficiency and large fragment donor preparation [3] - Future integration of novel delivery technologies and donor modification methods may further reduce off-target risks and expand the system's application in more crops [3]