Core Viewpoint - The ecological restoration of the Fushun West Open-pit Mine is crucial due to its long history of coal mining and the resulting environmental degradation, with significant efforts being made to address geological hazards and restore the ecosystem [3][5][6]. Group 1: Historical Context and Environmental Issues - The Fushun West Open-pit Mine has been in operation since 1901, producing 280 million tons of coal and 530 million tons of oil shale, contributing significantly to China's economic development [3]. - The mine has left behind a massive pit measuring 6.6 kilometers long and 2.2 kilometers wide, leading to severe environmental issues such as vegetation destruction, land degradation, and ecological imbalance [3]. - Geological hazards have been escalating, with notable incidents of ground fissures and subsidence occurring from 2009 to 2013, indicating a critical need for ecological governance [3][4]. Group 2: Governance and Restoration Efforts - In 2016, the Shenyang Research Institute began systematic research on the comprehensive governance of the West Open-pit Mine, focusing on various geological hazards and their underlying causes [4]. - The project team has proposed multiple remediation measures, including slope reduction, fire root removal, and groundwater drainage to address the complex geological issues [4]. - A dedicated project team was established in August 2021 to conduct on-site research and develop strategies for disaster governance, fire prevention, and ecological restoration [5]. Group 3: Ecological Restoration Plan - The ecological restoration plan aims to complete the afforestation of 8.16 million square meters within three years, with a total area of 9.79 million square meters planned for restoration [5]. - The project incorporates a comprehensive approach, utilizing engineering, botanical, and management measures to improve soil quality and enhance ecological safety [6]. - As a result of these efforts, the vegetation coverage in the mine area has increased from 14% to 63%, transforming the site into a green oasis and a recreational area for the local community [6][7].