Core Viewpoint - The National Health Commission has prohibited the use of "cervical deep lymphatic vessel/lymph node-venous anastomosis" for treating Alzheimer's disease, citing a lack of high-quality evidence supporting its safety and efficacy [1][2]. Group 1: Regulatory Actions - The National Health Commission issued a notice banning the application of "cervical deep lymphatic vessel/lymph node-venous anastomosis" for Alzheimer's treatment due to its early-stage clinical research status and unclear indications and contraindications [1]. - Another notice prohibits the use of "jejunoileal anastomosis" for treating type 2 diabetes [1]. Group 2: Clinical Research and Observations - The "cervical deep lymphatic vessel/lymph node-venous anastomosis" (LVA), also known as "Shu Er surgery," is performed using microsurgical techniques to connect deep cervical lymphatic vessels or nodes with nearby veins, traditionally used for treating stubborn lymphedema [2]. - As of June 10, 2024, 12 patients in Shanghai have undergone this surgery, which was previously approved through multiple ethical reviews [2]. - Initial feedback indicates that the main side effect is mental confusion within 24 hours post-surgery, likely due to anesthesia, which improves within 72 hours. Cognitive assessments showed slight improvements in attention and reaction speed [3]. Group 3: Expert Opinions and Concerns - Some experts express skepticism about the surgery's effectiveness, suggesting that immediate post-operative improvements may be misleading and not indicative of long-term benefits [5]. - Concerns were raised regarding the limited number of hospitals performing this surgery and the lack of comprehensive data to evaluate its effectiveness [4]. - The exploration of new technologies often faces scrutiny, and accumulating data is essential for addressing these concerns [5].