青藏高原生态系统在我国实现双碳目标中发挥着重要作用。第二次青藏科考查明，青藏高原生态系统碳 汇约为每年1.2亿吨至1.4亿吨二氧化碳，占全国每年生态系统碳汇的10%至16%，而重大生态保护修复 工程每年可新增约3000万吨二氧化碳碳汇。 新华社拉萨11月19日电，"青藏高原目前每年的碳盈余超过6500万吨，而重大生态保护修复工程每年可 新增约3000万吨碳汇。"记者19日从第二次青藏科考成果综合集成应用发布会上获悉。 为科学评估青藏高原碳收支，第二次青藏科考队自主研发了中国首个大气碳反演系统"贡嘎模型"，并 获"全球碳计划"认证。研究发现，青藏高原碳汇功能的波动主要取决于水热条件的变化：在气候暖湿化 的背景下，青藏高原高寒草地的碳汇功能持续增强；青藏高原高寒生态系统净碳汇最强值出现在海拔约 4000米，在相同的增温幅度下，植株较高的植物群落能从大气中固定更多的碳；微生物在调控青藏高原 土壤碳分解及稳定中发挥关键作用。 中国科学院院士、第二次青藏科考队队长姚檀栋表示，未来可通过加强生态保护和生态文明高地战略的 实施，提升草地、森林生态系统质量，将进一步显著提升青藏高原碳汇功能。 ...

Core Points - The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's major ecological protection and restoration projects can annually add approximately 30 million tons of carbon sinks [1] - The plateau currently has an annual carbon surplus exceeding 65 million tons, with its ecological system contributing about 120 to 140 million tons of carbon sinks each year, accounting for 10% to 16% of the national total [1] - The newly developed atmospheric carbon inversion system, "Gongga Model," is the first of its kind in China and has been certified by the "Global Carbon Project" [1] - The carbon sink function of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is significantly influenced by changes in water and heat conditions, with enhanced carbon sink functionality observed under warmer and wetter climate conditions [1] - The highest net carbon sink values in the plateau's alpine ecosystem occur at altitudes around 4,000 meters, where taller plant communities can sequester more carbon from the atmosphere [1] - Microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating soil carbon decomposition and stabilization in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [1] - Future improvements in the carbon sink function of the plateau can be achieved through enhanced ecological protection and the implementation of ecological civilization strategies [2]