Group 1 - The report highlights the increasing trend of passive investment globally, with passive fund management size surpassing active funds by the end of 2023, and this gap is expected to widen in 2024 [1][13][14] - In developed markets like the US, Japan, Europe, and Australia, the proportion of active funds outperforming their respective indices is generally below 40%, with long-term success rates even lower [1][14] - The report identifies key strategies for leading firms in the US, emphasizing reliance on large-cap growth and mixed funds, overall product performance, and the ability of top products to outperform market averages [1][20][44] Group 2 - In Europe, the trend of passive investment has led to a diversification of leading firms, with some actively seeking change to break through, while others see their advantages diminish [2][10] - Successful firms in Europe have demonstrated that high-quality flagship products yield better long-term returns, and the issuance of active ESG products has been beneficial [2][10] - The report notes that during bull markets, firms like Nordea have significantly outperformed, and timely strategy adjustments can help recover from short-term scale fluctuations [2][10] Group 3 - In Australia, the report indicates a clear trend of diversification in active equity, with new leading platforms like Mercer and Magellan Group emerging [3][11] - The growth of firms like Macquarie and Pendal is attributed to their focus on local and global large-cap growth strategies, with stable overall performance [3][11] - The report highlights that Magellan Group has rapidly scaled through currency-hedged products and global infrastructure strategies, while Mercer has a first-mover advantage in strategies facing scale bottlenecks [3][11] Group 4 - The report discusses Japan's unique situation where the expansion of active equity is largely driven by the growth of foreign active products, which is a distinctive feature of the Japanese market [4][12] - It attributes the success of firms like Alliance Bernstein to their alignment with local investor preferences and the performance of domestic products [4][12] - The report emphasizes that companies with better performance in local products can capture market share more effectively, with Daiwa and Sumitomo showing significant annualized returns compared to competitors [4][12]