IMARC Conference Investor Presentation INVESTOR PRESENTATION 21 October 2025 : IONR ASX : INR www.ioneer.com B Li 1 For personal use only Disclaimer This presentation has been prepared as a summary only and does not contain all information about ioneer Ltds (ioneer or the Company) assets and liabilities, financial position and performance, profits and losses, prospects, and the rights and liabilities attaching to ioneer's securities. The securities issued by ioneer are considered speculative and there is no ...

Summary of 5E Advanced Materials Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: 5E Advanced Materials (Ticker: FEAM) - **Focus**: Development stage exploration project centered on boron, located in the Central Mojave Desert, USA [2][3] Industry Insights - **Boron Market**: - 5E holds the third largest boron deposit globally [3] - Boron is critical for over 300 applications, including high-tech materials and defense [7][9] - The boron market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5% to 5.5% [10][12] - Current market dynamics show a contraction due to tariffs in China, but demand in the U.S. remains strong [11][12] Economic Potential - **Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS)**: Completed in August, showing a robust NPV of $725 million for the first phase of production [3] - **Market Capitalization**: Increased from $75 million pre-PFS to $150 million post-PFS [4] - **Production Capacity**: Permitted to produce 130,000 tonnes of boron annually, with a cost profile of $600 per tonne [34][38] - **Revenue Forecast**: Anticipated EBITDA of approximately $100 million annually at commercial scale [34] Competitive Landscape - **Global Supply**: The boron market is dominated by two companies, Edimaden (Turkey) and Rio Tinto's US Borax, controlling 85% of the supply [12][13] - **Rio Tinto's Strategic Review**: New CEO has put the borates business under review, potentially leading to divestiture [13][14] - **Cost Dynamics**: Rio Tinto's costs have increased by 60%, driven by lower-grade ore extraction [13][14] Regulatory and Critical Mineral Designation - **Critical Mineral Status**: Boron is recognized as a critical mineral by the UK, EU, and the U.S. Department of Defense [15][16] - **Public Comments**: 5E submitted comments advocating for boron's inclusion on the U.S. critical minerals list, alongside other industry stakeholders [19][20] Project Development - **Pilot Plant**: Operational for over two years, with 20 tonnes of product sent for testing in Taiwan [5] - **Infrastructure**: Well-positioned with access to water and power, essential for mining operations [27][28] - **Team Expertise**: Leadership includes experienced professionals from relevant industries, enhancing operational credibility [24][26] Future Opportunities - **Expansion Potential**: The project has a mine life of 39 years, with resources sufficient for over 100 years [22] - **Market Gaps**: Opportunity to produce ferroboron, currently not sourced in the U.S., filling a gap in the supply chain for magnets [46] Conclusion - 5E Advanced Materials is strategically positioned in the growing boron market, with strong economic fundamentals, a solid project pipeline, and potential for significant growth driven by increasing demand and critical mineral designation efforts [3][34][20]

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, Oct. 14, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Nevada Lithium Resources Inc. (TSXV: NVLH; OTCQB: NVLHF; FSE: 87K) (“Nevada Lithium” or the “Company”) is pleased to announce that it has entered into a marketing agreement (the “Agreement”) with Epstein Research (“ER”), led by Peter Epstein, pursuant to which Mr. Epstein will provide investor relations services to the Company in consideration for an aggregate of $10,000 (U.S.) at a rate of $2,500 (U.S.) per month for an initial term of four (4) ...

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fiscal Year 2025 marked a transformative year for the company, moving from development to commercial readiness, with strong project economics validated [2] - The recently published pre-feasibility study (PFS) for phase one indicates a 39.5-year mine life, an after-tax NPV of $725 million, and a project IRR of 19% [3][4] - Estimated free cash flow over the mine's life is approximately $3.7 billion pre-tax, with an after-tax payback period of just under six years [4] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company successfully qualified its high-purity boric acid with 14 customers across various industries, including specialty glass and chemicals [5] - Phase one targets production of 130,000 short tons of boric acid per year, with all-in sustaining costs estimated at $555 per ton [4] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - There is a growing demand for U.S.-based high-purity boron supply, with additional customers in advanced testing phases [5] - The company has entered long-term offtake discussions, indicating strong market interest and validation [7] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on advancing towards a final investment decision (FID) by mid-2026, with early FEED engineering activities already commenced [8][9] - The company aims to build a resilient boric supply chain to support the U.S. industrial base for generations [20] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management highlighted the need for a new market producer to reduce supply chain risks, especially in light of recent disruptions from major boric acid producers [10][11] - The company views 2025 as an inflection year for boron, with independent analysis indicating supply shortfalls beginning in 2026 [11] Other Important Information - The company received a non-binding letter of intent for a potential $285 million project debt facility, a significant step towards funding phase one construction [3] - The company submitted a formal response to the U.S. Geological Survey draft critical minerals list, advocating for boron to be included [9] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you review the comments about the disruption to the California boron mine? - Management noted that Rio Tinto announced a strategic review of their industrial minerals segment, which includes borates, following the appointment of a new CEO [15] Question: What is the process for getting boron on the U.S. Geological Survey critical minerals list? - Management explained that public comments are necessary for the review process, and they submitted their comments along with other groups [16][17]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fiscal Year 2025 marked a transformative year for the company, moving from development to commercial readiness, with a robust after-tax NPV of $725 million and a 19% project IRR confirmed by the pre-feasibility study [2][3] - The after-tax NPV is approximately $469 million with a 16% project IRR, and free cash flow over the life of the mine is estimated at roughly $3.7 billion pre-tax [4] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company successfully qualified its high-purity boric acid with 14 customers across various industries, including specialty glass, fiberglass, ceramics, and agriculture [5][6] - Phase one targets 130,000 short tons per year of boric acid, with all-in sustaining costs estimated at $555 per ton and initial capital at about $435 million [4] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company sees accelerating demand for a high-purity U.S.-based boron supply, with additional customers in advanced testing phases [5] - The U.S. boron market is characterized as an oligopoly, with a single point of failure, highlighting the need for new market producers to reduce supply chain risks [10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on progressing towards a final investment decision (FID) by mid-2026, with early FEED engineering activities already commenced [8][9] - The company aims to build a strong and resilient boric supply chain that supports the U.S. industrial base for generations [19] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management believes 2025 is an inflection year for boron, with independent analysis indicating supply shortfalls beginning in 2026, reinforcing the need for a new market producer [11] - The company is committed to advancing full-scale testing with multiple specialty glass manufacturers and securing additional qualifications and initial offtake agreements [11] Other Important Information - The company received a non-binding LOI from USXM for a potential $285 million project debt facility, a significant step towards funding phase one construction [3] - The company submitted a formal response to the U.S. Geological Survey draft critical minerals list, advocating for boron to be included [9] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you review the comments you had about the disruption to the California boron mine? - Management noted that Rio Tinto announced a restructuring of their business segments, placing their industrial minerals, including borates, under strategic review [15] Question: To get boron on the U.S. Geological Survey critical minerals list, what needs to happen in terms of the review? - Management explained that the process involves submitting public comments, and they have already submitted their comments along with other groups [16][17]

Summary of Ioneer (IONR) Update / Briefing September 03, 2025 Company Overview - **Company**: Ioneer (IONR) - **Project**: Rhyolite Ridge, a lithium and boron deposit of strategic importance to the United States Key Points and Arguments 1. **Project Economics Upgrade**: A significant upgrade to the economics of the Rhyolite Ridge project was announced, with the NPV increasing by 38% to just under $1,900,000,000 [3][12] 2. **Production Capacity**: The project has an ore reserve of 260,000,000 tons, allowing for an 82-year mine life with a production rate of 3,000,000 to 3,200,000 tons per annum, up from 2.4 to 2.6 million tons previously [4][5] 3. **Cost Efficiency**: The all-in sustaining cash cost is positioned in the bottom quartile at $5,626 per ton of lithium carbonate equivalent, benefiting from a boron credit that significantly reduces costs [5][20] 4. **Resource Potential**: The total resource is over 540,000,000 tons, indicating substantial potential for future expansion in lithium and boron production [8][24] 5. **Debt Financing**: A loan of just under $1,000,000,000 has been secured from the US government, which is a low-cost, long-term financing option [7][12] 6. **Production Transition**: The project will initially produce lithium carbonate before transitioning to lithium hydroxide, with a 20% increase in hydroxide production expected [10][11] 7. **EBITDA Growth**: Average annual EBITDA is projected to increase by 22% from $406,000,000 to $497,000,000 [12] 8. **Operational Readiness**: The project is fully permitted, shovel-ready, and has over 70% of the engineering completed, which is ahead of most mining projects at this stage [6][22] 9. **Strategic Partnerships**: Ioneer is in the process of securing an equity partner, with Goldman Sachs involved in the partnering process [25][51] 10. **Government Support**: Strong backing from both federal and state governments, emphasizing the importance of critical minerals projects [55][58] Additional Important Insights 1. **Boron Revenue Contribution**: The project is expected to produce over 100,000 tons of boric acid annually, contributing significantly to the overall economics [20][21] 2. **Unique Deposit Characteristics**: Rhyolite Ridge is noted for its unique physical properties, allowing for efficient leaching and high recovery rates [33][42] 3. **Market Demand**: The US government is focused on securing domestic supply chains for critical minerals, which aligns with the strategic importance of the Rhyolite Ridge project [59][60] 4. **Future Growth Pathways**: The company is exploring various pathways for future growth and expansion of the project, indicating a proactive approach to scaling operations [34][35] 5. **Strategic Review of Competitors**: The strategic review of Rio Tinto's borates business highlights the competitive landscape and the strategic value of boron assets [46][47] This summary encapsulates the critical updates and strategic insights from the Ioneer briefing, emphasizing the project's economic viability, operational readiness, and alignment with government priorities in the critical minerals sector.

Project Economics Improvement - NPV increased by 38% to $1.888 billion due to leach optimization and new mine plan[16] - Levered NPV increased by 33% to $1.998 billion[16] - Average annual revenue is estimated at $575 million over the Life of Mine (LOM)[16] - Average annual Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) production is projected at 21,900 tonnes per annum (tpa) over the LOM[16] - Average annual Boric Acid production is projected at 68,000 tpa over the LOM[16] - Ore Reserves are estimated at 260 million tonnes[15, 16] Operating Costs and Production - All-in sustaining cash cost (AISC) is estimated at US$5,626 per LCE tonne, placing the project in the bottom quartile of the global lithium cost curve[15] - Reagents account for approximately 49% of the operating expenses (Opex)[22, 37] - The project aims for a stable, secure, long-term supply with 75% of revenue from Lithium and 25% from Boron[48, 50] Project Status and Resources - The project has received its final federal permit and is shovel-ready[15, 27] - A US Department of Energy (DOE) loan of $996 million has been secured[15, 27] - The Mineral Resource is large and expandable, totaling 539,458 ktonnes[29]

Core Viewpoint - Nevada Lithium Resources Inc. has announced the results of an updated Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for its Bonnie Claire lithium project, indicating strong economic potential and significant production capabilities over a long mine life [1][4]. Group 1: PEA Overview - The PEA indicates that Bonnie Claire could produce over 62,300 tonnes of lithium carbonate and 129,500 tonnes of boric acid annually over a 61-year mine life [4][11]. - The project shows a 32.3% after-tax Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and a capital payback period of 2.8 years, with a capital intensity of $34,080 per tonne of lithium carbonate [4][11]. - The after-tax Net Present Value (NPV) is estimated at $6.829 billion at an 8% discount rate [11][12]. Group 2: Production and Cost Metrics - The initial capital costs are projected at $2.125 billion, including $354 million in contingency [11][12]. - The operating cost is estimated at $6,800 per tonne of lithium carbonate, with an all-in sustaining cost of $7,936 per tonne [11][12]. - The break-even price for the project is calculated at $8,560 per tonne of lithium carbonate [11][12]. Group 3: Mineral Resource Estimate - The PEA incorporates a new Mineral Resource Estimate effective March 31, 2025, with significant mineralization remaining open to the northwest, northeast, and southeast [2][26]. - The Lower Zone is characterized by high lithium and boron grades, while the Upper Zone has moderate lithium and low boron grades [8][48]. - The estimated mineral resources for the Lower Zone include 275.85 million tonnes at an average grade of 3,519 ppm lithium and 1,561.06 million tonnes at 3,085 ppm lithium for the Inferred category [28][29]. Group 4: Mining and Processing Methodology - The PEA contemplates an underground operation using a Hydraulic Borehole Mining (HBHM) method, targeting a production rate of 8,000 tonnes per day [9][44]. - The processing method involves whole-ore agitated tank leaching using sulfuric acid, achieving leach extractions exceeding 95% for lithium and boron [50][51]. - Overall recoveries are estimated at 85% for lithium and 48% for boron [51]. Group 5: Future Development and Optimization - The company is evaluating multiple areas for optimization, including ore beneficiation, additional critical mineral production, and the impact of new tax provisions from the US HR1 "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" [7][4]. - The potential for higher grades and volumes could positively impact the PEA economics already demonstrated [4][7].

Summary of 5E Advanced Materials (FEAM) Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: 5E Advanced Materials (Ticker: FEAM) - **CEO**: Paul Wiebel, who has been with the company for four years and in the CEO role for one year [3][4] Industry Insights - **Material Focus**: Boron, identified as a critical material with applications in defense, electronics, and construction [5][6] - **Market Position**: The boron market is characterized as a global oligopoly, with significant supply chain security concerns due to geopolitical factors [7] - **Supply Dynamics**: Current supply of boron is in a deficit, with only six known boron projects globally, and only two of those have permits [19][70] Project Details - **Location**: The boron project is situated between Las Vegas and Los Angeles, with a permitted capacity of 90,000 tons of boron oxide [8][12] - **Production Plans**: Initial phase targeting 30,000 tons of boric acid production, with a projected EBITDA run rate of $100 million [9][22] - **Mining Method**: Utilizes a solution mining method that is more environmentally sustainable compared to traditional open-pit mining [15][17] Financial Projections - **Cost Structure**: Targeting an operating cost of $525 per ton, with boron prices currently around $1,000 to $1,300 per ton [18][21] - **Investment Requirements**: Estimated capital expenditure for the project is between $420 million to $430 million, with plans for debt financing [23][24] - **IRR**: Projected internal rate of return (IRR) for phase one is around 20% [25] Strategic Goals - **Upcoming Milestones**: Focus on delivering a Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) and securing offtake agreements, which are critical for debt financing [26][45] - **Market Engagement**: Emphasis on public market engagement to build investor confidence and secure necessary funding [63] Challenges and Considerations - **Offtake Agreements**: Essential for securing debt financing; challenges exist in negotiating fixed-price agreements with potential buyers [46][48] - **Capital Structure**: The company has restructured its capital, with a clean balance sheet and no current debt, but convertible notes previously posed challenges [55][59] Conclusion - **Investment Proposition**: 5E Advanced Materials presents a compelling opportunity in the boron market, with strong fundamentals supporting supply and demand dynamics, and a clear path to commercial production [74]