Core Insights - A European joint team has made significant progress in developing flexible, low-cost carbon electrode perovskite solar cells, achieving over 21% conversion efficiency on flexible substrates, moving closer to the 25% target efficiency [1][3] Group 1: Technology Development - The joint team is utilizing roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing technology to mass-produce flexible film products [3] - The PEARL project aims to develop carbon electrode flexible perovskite solar cells with industrial feasibility and environmental friendliness, targeting over 25% efficiency and production costs below €0.3/Wp [3][4] - The use of carbon electrode design has significantly improved the stability of the cells, exceeding industry stability standards [3] Group 2: Environmental Impact - The technology has achieved a carbon footprint reduction of over 50% by using carbon electrodes, recycled PET substrates, and green energy [4] - The team is also developing waste recycling processes to extract valuable materials like lead and cesium, contributing to a circular economy [4] Group 3: Future Plans - The PEARL team plans to further optimize the roll-to-roll pilot manufacturing process and test larger components for outdoor applications [4] - The ultimate goal is to commercialize these flexible solar cells for applications in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices [4] - The team will showcase their research results at the European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC) in Bilbao, Spain, from September 22 to 24, 2025 [4]