Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue for Q3 2025 was $28.0 million, up from $18.0 million in Q2 2025 and $23.6 million in Q3 2024, representing a 56% sequential growth and 18% year-over-year growth [5][12] - Non-GAAP gross margin improved to 22.4% in Q3 2025, compared to 8.2% in Q2 2025 and 24.3% in Q3 2024 [6][9] - Non-GAAP operating loss improved to $0.384 million in Q3 2025 from $6.1 million in Q2 2025 and $2.6 million in Q3 2024 [8][9] - Non-GAAP net loss was $1.2 million, or $0.03 per share, compared to a loss of $6.4 million, or $0.15 per share, in Q2 2025 [9][10] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Indium Phosphide revenue reached $13.1 million, primarily driven by data center and passive optical network applications [5][12] - Gallium Arsenide revenue was $7.5 million, while Germanium substrates generated $0.64 million [5] - Revenue from consolidated raw material joint ventures was $6.7 million, consistent with the prior quarter [5][18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue from Asia-Pacific accounted for 87%, Europe for 12%, and North America for 1% in Q3 2025 [5] - Indium Phosphide order backlog exceeded $49 million, indicating strong demand from data center applications globally [12][20] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on increasing manufacturing capacity and efficiency to meet growing demand, particularly for Indium Phosphide substrates [16][19] - Plans to list subsidiary Tongmei on the STAR Market in Shanghai are ongoing, with the IPO application kept current despite a selective listing environment [10] - The company aims to drive gross margin improvement and operational efficiency while managing export permit processes effectively [19][24] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted a strong uptick in Indium Phosphide demand due to AI infrastructure buildout and data center expansions [12][16] - The geopolitical environment is dynamic, affecting export permit processes, which remain a significant gating factor for growth [20][21] - The company expects revenue in Q4 2025 to be in the range of $27 to $30 million, contingent on the timing of export permits [22][24] Other Important Information - Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $3.9 million to $31.2 million as of September 30, 2025, with accounts receivable increasing by $11 million [9][10] - The company is actively engaging with new Tier 1 customers to qualify materials into their supply chains [14][16] Q&A Session Summary Question: Customer behavior regarding longer-term orders and permits - Management explained that the $49 million backlog includes orders from customers with existing permits and those still in the permit phase, indicating confidence in future permit approvals [27][28] Question: Profitability and cost structure changes - Management acknowledged that improving gross margins is essential, focusing on product mix and manufacturing efficiencies to return to previous profitability levels [37][39] Question: Indium Phosphide demand from domestic vs. overseas customers - Approximately 40% of Indium Phosphide business is from domestic Chinese customers, with significant demand driven by AI data center growth in the U.S. [40][42] Question: Capacity and backlog dynamics - The backlog has more than doubled compared to the previous quarter, with customers placing orders for immediate shipment upon receiving permits [46][47] Question: Competitor capacity increases and shipping capabilities - Management reiterated that the ability to ship is contingent on obtaining export permits, which currently take about 60 business days to process [87][88]