Investment Rating - The report rates CATL as "Outperform" and LGES as "Market-Perform" while POSCO Future M and other Korean companies are rated "Underperform" [6][7]. Core Insights - Lithium-Manganese-Rich (LMR) battery technology is positioned as a potential disruptor to the Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) market, particularly in the entry-level EV segment outside of China [1][9]. - LMR technology combines the safety and cost-effectiveness of LFP with the high energy density of NMC, achieving specific capacities of 250-280 mAh/g and cell-level energy densities around 300 Wh/kg, with potential optimization to 320 Wh/kg [2][15]. - Despite its advantages, LMR faces challenges in cycle life, voltage stability, and scalability, which need to be addressed for successful commercialization [3][15]. Summary by Sections LMR Technology Overview - LMR technology is a balanced approach between LFP and NMC, offering a theoretical cost of approximately US$55/kWh, which is about 15% higher than LFP but 20% cheaper than NMC [4][35]. - The technology does not rely on scarce resources like nickel and cobalt, reducing supply chain vulnerabilities and enhancing recycling potential [3][26]. Market Dynamics - Korean companies are focusing on LMR for entry-level EVs, while Chinese firms target higher-end applications, with significant advancements expected in commercialization by 2025-2028 [5][51]. - The report expresses skepticism about LMR's ability to replace LFP, suggesting that hybrid packs combining LFP and NMC may be a more effective solution [5][7]. Competitive Landscape - The lithium-ion battery industry is dominated by LFP and NMC chemistries, with LFP currently holding a 68% market share in China, while LMR is gaining traction in Western markets [29][31]. - Companies like POSCO Future M and Umicore are making strides in LMR technology, with plans for mass production and collaboration with global automakers [50][51]. Cost and Performance Metrics - LMR batteries are expected to provide a 35% improvement in energy density over current mainstream LFP products, making them a compelling option for mid-range EVs [24][26]. - The cost structure of LMR is competitive, with a breakdown showing that manganese's lower price compared to cobalt and nickel contributes to its cost-effectiveness [48][35]. Future Outlook - The report anticipates that LMR technology will play a significant role in the transition to more sustainable and cost-effective EV battery solutions, particularly in markets outside of China [27][31].

Core Viewpoint - General Motors (GM) is poised to lead in electric vehicle (EV) battery innovation with its new lithium manganese-rich (LMR) battery technology, aiming for market introduction by 2028 [1][3]. Group 1: Battery Technology and Production - GM's LMR batteries are designed for full-size electric trucks and SUVs, replacing expensive materials like nickel and cobalt with more affordable manganese, which could lower raw material costs and enhance range and weight efficiency [2][3]. - The LMR batteries are claimed to have 33% higher energy density compared to current lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells, allowing for more miles per charge without increasing costs [3]. - Production plans include preproduction starting in late 2027 and full commercial production in 2028 through Ultium Cells, a joint venture with LG Energy Solution [3]. Group 2: Competitive Landscape - Ford is also developing its own LMR battery chemistry at its Ion Park R&D center, with pilot production of second-generation cells already underway, aiming to launch LMR-powered EVs before the decade ends [4][5]. - Tesla has previously explored high-manganese batteries and holds patents related to LMR chemistry, but has not yet announced specific production plans [6][7]. Group 3: Market Performance and Valuation - GM shares have decreased by approximately 6% year to date, outperforming the industry's decline of 13% [8]. - The company trades at a forward price-to-earnings ratio of 5.28, significantly lower than the industry average, and holds a Value Score of A [10]. - The Zacks Consensus Estimate indicates a projected decline in GM's sales and EPS by 6% and 12% respectively for 2025, with downward revisions in estimates over the past month [12].