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Hanmi Financial (HAFC) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-07-22 22:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net income for Q2 2025 was $15.1 million or $0.50 per diluted share, down from $17.7 million and $0.58 in Q1 2025, primarily due to increased credit loss expense [6][7] - Return on average assets was 0.79% and return on average equity was 7.8% [7] - Pre-provision net revenues grew 3.7% or $1 million, indicating strength in core business [7] - Net interest margin increased by five basis points to 3.07%, driven by lower funding costs [7][22] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total loans increased by $6.31 billion, or 0.4% on a linked quarter basis, with higher contributions from commercial and industrial (C&I) and residential mortgage loans [8] - C&I production increased by $11 million or 26% to $503 million, while residential mortgage loan production rose by 52% to $84 million [18] - SBA loan production decreased to $47 million but still exceeded the high end of the target range, with year-to-date production up 20% [16][18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Non-interest bearing demand deposits increased by over 7% from 2024, representing 31.3% of total deposits [9] - USKC loan and deposit portfolios remained steady, with USKC loans at $842 million, approximately 13% of total loans [19] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to drive loan growth in the low to mid single-digit range, focusing on expanding SBA activities and C&I portfolios while reducing exposure to commercial real estate (CRE) [11][28] - The strategy includes strengthening relationships in select deposit-rich markets and driving growth in key regions [28] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about long-term growth potential despite current economic conditions, emphasizing proactive portfolio management and strong asset quality [10][11][28] - The company is well-positioned for growth, leveraging strong liquidity and maintaining robust credit metrics [11] Other Important Information - Asset quality improved significantly, with criticized loans decreasing by 72% and non-accruals down 27% [21] - The allowance for credit losses stood at 1.06% of loans at the end of Q2 2025 [26] Q&A Session Summary Question: Loan growth expectations for the second half of the year - Management indicated a strong pipeline for new loans, suggesting potential to reach mid-single-digit growth [31][32] Question: Insights on deposit costs and time deposit repricing - Average interest-bearing deposit costs were 3.64%, with expectations for net interest margin to continue increasing, albeit at a slowing rate [35][37] Question: Credit quality and criticized asset levels - Management noted significant reductions in criticized assets due to proactive management, with confidence in the overall credit quality [39][41] Question: Future C&I production and loan growth - C&I production is expected to drive loan growth in the latter half of the year, supported by a strong pipeline [47][49] Question: Plans for share buybacks and expenses - Management indicated that buyback decisions are made quarterly, with expectations for expenses to remain stable [50][51]
Hanmi Financial (HAFC) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-07-22 22:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net income for Q2 2025 was $15.1 million or $0.50 per diluted share, down from $17.7 million and $0.58 in Q1 2025, primarily due to an increase in credit loss expense [5][6] - Return on average assets was 0.79% and return on average equity was 7.8% [6] - Pre-provision net revenues grew 3.7% or $1 million, indicating strength in core business [6] - Net interest margin increased by five basis points to 3.07%, driven by lower funding costs [6][22] - Total loans increased by $6.31 billion, or 0.4% on a linked quarter basis, with a 1.6% annualized growth [7] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Loan production for Q2 was $330 million, down 4.7% from the prior quarter, with a weighted average interest rate of 7.1% [14] - Commercial real estate (CRE) production was $112 million, down 24% from the prior quarter [15] - SBA loan production decreased to $47 million but exceeded the high end of the quarterly target range [15] - C&I production increased by 26% to $53 million, attributed to new talent and growth efforts [17] - Residential mortgage loan production was $84 million, up 52% from the previous quarter [18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Non-interest bearing demand deposits increased by over 7% from 2024, representing 31.3% of total deposits [9] - USKC loan and deposit portfolios remained steady, with USKC loans at $842 million, approximately 13% of the total loan portfolio [19] - Deposits increased by 1.7% in Q2, driven by new commercial accounts and contributions from new branches [20] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to drive loan growth in the low to mid single-digit range, focusing on expanding SBA activities and C&I portfolios while reducing exposure to CRE [11] - The strategy includes strengthening relationships in select deposit-rich markets and driving growth in key regions [28] - The company is optimistic about long-term growth potential despite current economic conditions [10][28] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to execute effectively and deliver sustained profitable growth [28] - The economic outlook remains dynamic, with many USKC customers taking a wait-and-see approach regarding tariffs and their impact on the economy [10] - The company is well-positioned for growth, leveraging strong liquidity and maintaining robust credit metrics [11] Other Important Information - Asset quality improved significantly, with criticized loans decreasing by 72% and non-accruals decreasing by 27% [21] - The allowance for credit losses stood at 1.06% of loans at the end of Q2 [26] - The company repurchased 70,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $23.26, totaling $1.6 million [27] Q&A Session Summary Question: Loan growth expectations for the second half of the year - Management indicated that the second half typically sees higher production, with a strong pipeline of new loans already established [32] Question: Insights on margin and deposit costs - Average interest-bearing deposit costs were 3.64% for the quarter, with expectations for net interest margin to continue increasing, albeit at a slowing rate [35][37] Question: Credit quality and criticized assets - Management noted significant success in resolving loans in the special mention category, contributing to improved asset quality metrics [41] Question: C&I production driving loan growth - C&I production is expected to drive loan growth in the second half, supported by a higher pipeline and ongoing efforts to target more C&I opportunities [49] Question: Plans for additional hires in C&I and SBA - Major hires were completed in the first half, and the number of new relationship managers is expected to remain steady [60]
Hanmi Reports 2025 Second Quarter Results
Globenewswire· 2025-07-22 20:05
Core Viewpoint - Hanmi Financial Corporation reported a decline in net income for Q2 2025, primarily due to increased credit loss expenses, despite improvements in asset quality and operational metrics [2][3][7]. Financial Performance - Net income for Q2 2025 was $15.1 million, or $0.50 per diluted share, down from $17.7 million, or $0.58 per diluted share in Q1 2025 [2][7]. - Return on average assets decreased to 0.79% from 0.94%, and return on average equity fell to 7.48% from 8.92% [2][8]. - Preprovision net revenue grew by 3.7%, driven by lower funding costs and a 3.7% increase in net interest income [3][7]. Asset Quality - Significant improvement in asset quality was noted, with criticized loans dropping 71.8% to 0.74% of total loans, and nonaccrual loans falling 26.8% to 0.41% of total loans [7][18]. - Loan delinquencies decreased to 0.17% of total loans [7]. Loan and Deposit Growth - Loans receivable increased to $6.31 billion, up 0.4% from Q1 2025, with loan production for Q2 at $329.6 million [7][29]. - Deposits rose to $6.73 billion, a 1.7% increase from the previous quarter, with noninterest-bearing demand deposits accounting for 31.3% of total deposits [7][29]. Noninterest Income and Expenses - Noninterest income increased by 4.5% to $8.1 million, primarily due to gains from the sale of SBA loans [20][21]. - Noninterest expenses rose to $36.3 million, up 3.9% sequentially, driven by increases in salaries, professional fees, and advertising [21][22]. Capital Position - The capital position remained strong, with a tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio of 9.58% and a common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 12.12% [7][24].
Hope Bancorp(HOPE) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-07-22 17:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net income for Q2 2025, excluding notable items, totaled $24.5 million, up 7% from $22.9 million in Q1 2025 [5] - Reported a net loss of $27.9 million for Q2 2025 due to one-time losses from selling lower-yielding legacy securities and merger-related items [5] - Pretax pre-provision net revenue, excluding notable items, grew to $41.2 million in Q2 2025, up 17% from $35.2 million in Q1 2025 [6] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total deposits grew to $15.9 billion, an increase of 10% from the prior quarter, driven by the acquisition of Territorial Bancorp [8] - Loans receivable increased to $14.4 billion, up 8% from the end of the prior quarter, reflecting the addition of Territorial's loan portfolio [9] - Organic loan production increased by 57% from Q1 2025, contributing to modest net growth in the legacy portfolio [10] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average cost of interest-bearing deposits declined by 37 basis points quarter over quarter, and average cost of total deposits decreased by 22 basis points [8] - Broker deposits decreased by $183 million or 19% quarter over quarter, with the broker deposits ratio declining to 5% of total deposits [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The acquisition of Territorial Bancorp is seen as a strategic move to enter the Hawaii market, enhancing growth opportunities [4] - Strengthening the deposit franchise remains a key priority, with a focus on reducing broker deposit exposure and improving the cost of funds [8] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expects loan growth in 2025 to be at a high single-digit percentage rate, driven by improved frontline productivity and hiring [24] - The company anticipates net interest income growth in the high single-digit percentage range for 2025, despite the negative impact of delayed Fed rate cuts [25] Other Important Information - The company declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.14 per share, payable on August 15, 2025 [7] - The effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 14% for the third and fourth quarters, reflecting changes in California state tax apportionment law [26] Q&A Session Summary Question: Any updates on fee income expectations for the second half of the year? - Management highlighted positive drivers for fee income growth, including customer swap fee income and loan-related fees [30] Question: What is the average yield on new loan production? - The average yield on new production was approximately 6.76% [67] Question: What is the expected impact of the Territorial acquisition on cost savings? - Management indicated that there are still integration and cost savings expected in the second half of the year, but specifics will be shared later [35] Question: How is the company viewing asset quality in the current environment? - Management expressed cautious optimism regarding asset quality, noting a decline in criticized loans and stable overall credit quality [50] Question: What is the target loan-to-deposit ratio? - The target loan-to-deposit ratio is up to 95%, with current levels below 91% [57]
METROCITY BANKSHARES, INC. REPORTS EARNINGS FOR SECOND QUARTER 2025
Prnewswire· 2025-07-18 14:00
Financial Performance - MetroCity Bankshares reported net income of $16.8 million, or $0.65 per diluted share, for Q2 2025, an increase from $16.3 million in Q1 2025 and a slight decrease from $16.9 million in Q2 2024 [1][3] - For the first half of 2025, net income was $33.1 million, up from $31.6 million in the same period of 2024, representing a 4.9% increase [4] Revenue and Expenses - Net interest income for Q2 2025 was $32.2 million, an increase of $1.6 million from Q1 2025, driven by a rise in interest income [3][5] - Noninterest income for Q2 2025 was $5.7 million, a 5.1% increase from Q1 2025, attributed to higher gains on mortgage loans [9] - Noninterest expense totaled $14.1 million in Q2 2025, an increase of 2.3% from Q1 2025, primarily due to higher loan-related expenses and merger-related costs [13][14] Asset Quality - The provision for credit losses was $129,000 in Q2 2025, slightly down from $135,000 in Q1 2025, indicating stable asset quality [24] - Nonperforming assets decreased to $15.2 million, or 0.42% of total assets, down from $18.5 million in Q1 2025 [25][26] Balance Sheet - Total assets were $3.62 billion as of June 30, 2025, a decrease of $44 million from March 31, 2025, primarily due to declines in loans held for sale and investment [18] - Loans held for investment were $3.12 billion, a slight decrease from $3.13 billion in Q1 2025, but an increase from $3.09 billion in Q2 2024 [20] - Total deposits were $2.69 billion, down 1.7% from Q1 2025, reflecting a decrease in interest-bearing demand deposits [21][22] Merger Activity - MetroCity completed the acquisition of First IC Corporation and First IC Bank, with all regulatory approvals received, and the merger is expected to finalize in early Q4 2025 [2]
M&T(MTB) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-07-16 16:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The diluted GAAP earnings per share increased to $4.24 from $3.32 in the prior quarter, while net income was $116 million compared to $584 million in the linked quarter [10] - The return on assets (ROA) and return on common equity (ROCE) were reported at 1.37% and 10.39% respectively [10] - The common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio decreased to an estimated 10.98% from 11.5% at the end of the first quarter [22] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average residential mortgage and consumer loans grew by $1.5 billion, reflecting a 3% sequential increase, while commercial loans remained unchanged at $61 billion [15][14] - Noninterest income rose to $683 million from $611 million in the linked quarter, with notable increases in mortgage banking and trust income [18] - Noninterest expenses decreased by $79 million to $1.34 billion, resulting in an efficiency ratio of 55.2%, down from 60.5% in the prior quarter [20] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average total deposits increased by $2.2 billion or 1% to $163.4 billion, with growth across most segments [17] - The yield on investment securities decreased by 19 basis points to 3.81%, primarily due to premium amortization [16] - The net interest margin was reported at 3.62%, a decrease of four basis points from the prior quarter [13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on growing its New England and Long Island markets, optimizing resources, and enhancing risk management capabilities [29] - The management emphasized a disciplined approach to acquisitions, indicating a preference for smaller, culturally aligned targets [79] - The company aims to maintain a strong capital position while being opportunistic with share repurchases [28] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - The management acknowledged potential economic slowing and risks related to tariffs and geopolitical conditions, but expressed optimism about the company's positioning [24][25] - The outlook for net interest income is projected to be between $7 billion and $7.15 billion, with a net interest margin expected to average in the mid to high 360s [26] - The management expects net charge-offs for the full year to be less than 40 basis points, with criticized loans anticipated to continue declining [28] Other Important Information - The company executed $1.1 billion in share repurchases during the second quarter, while tangible book value per share grew by 1% [8] - The company reported a $1 billion or 11% reduction in commercial criticized balances, indicating improved asset quality [9] Q&A Session Summary Question: Loan dynamics and CRE portfolio - The management indicated that the CRE pipeline is building, with over $5 billion currently in the pipeline, and expressed optimism for growth towards the end of the year [32][34] Question: Capital management and buyback strategy - The management stated that the current capital range of 10.75% to 11% is appropriate given market uncertainties, and they are actively managing criticized loans [36] Question: Fee income growth and trust business - The management highlighted strong growth in the trust business, driven by new operations in Europe and increased treasury management revenues [40][41] Question: Consumer loan growth outlook - The management noted that recent consumer loan growth was driven by preemptive buying ahead of price increases, but expressed optimism for continued growth in RV and auto loans [70] Question: Deposit competition and funding costs - The management emphasized the importance of core deposits and competitive rates to attract new customers, while managing funding costs effectively [108][109]
M&T(MTB) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-07-16 16:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The diluted GAAP earnings per share increased to $4.24 from $3.32 in the prior quarter, while net income was $116 million compared to $584 million in the linked quarter [8][10] - The return on assets (ROA) and return on common equity (ROCE) were reported at 1.37% and 10.39%, respectively [8] - The common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio at the end of the second quarter was estimated at 10.98%, down from 11.5% at the end of the first quarter [21] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average residential mortgage and consumer loans grew by $1.1 billion, reflecting a diversified business model [7] - Noninterest income increased to $683 million from $611 million in the linked quarter, with notable growth in mortgage banking and trust income [17] - The efficiency ratio improved to 55.2% from 60.5% in the prior quarter, indicating better expense management [19] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average total deposits rose by $2.2 billion or 1% to $163.4 billion, with growth across most segments [12] - The yield on investment securities decreased by 19 basis points to 3.81%, primarily due to premium amortization [15] - Commercial real estate (CRE) loans declined by 4% to $25.3 billion, reflecting continued payoffs and paydowns [13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on growing its New England and Long Island markets while optimizing resources through simplification and enhancing risk management capabilities [27] - The management emphasized a disciplined approach to acquisitions, indicating a preference for cultural fit and credit quality in potential targets [77] - The company aims to maintain a strong capital position while being opportunistic with share repurchases [26] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - The management acknowledged potential economic slowing and risks related to tariffs and geopolitical conditions, but expressed optimism about the company's strong liquidity and capital generation [23] - The outlook for taxable equivalent net interest income is projected to be between $7 billion and $7.15 billion, reflecting continued softness in commercial and CRE loan growth [24] - The management expects net charge-offs for the full year to be less than 40 basis points, with criticized loans anticipated to continue declining [26] Other Important Information - The company executed $1.1 billion in share repurchases during the second quarter, contributing to a 1% growth in tangible book value per share [6] - The net interest margin was reported at 3.62%, a decrease of four basis points from the prior quarter, primarily due to higher costs of interest-bearing deposits [12] Q&A Session Summary Question: Loan dynamics and CRE portfolio outlook - The management indicated that the CRE pipeline continues to build, with over $5 billion currently in the pipeline, suggesting a positive outlook for growth later in the year [32] Question: Capital management and buyback strategy - The management stated that the target CET1 ratio is around 10%, but given current market uncertainties, operating in the range of 10.75% to 11% is deemed appropriate [36] Question: Fee income growth and trust business performance - The trust business has shown strong growth, driven by investments in Europe and increased demand for corporate trust services [38] Question: Consumer loan growth sustainability - The management noted that recent consumer loan growth was driven by preemptive buying ahead of price increases, but expressed optimism for continued growth in the RV and auto sectors [68] Question: Deposit competition and strategy - The management emphasized the importance of attracting operating accounts and maintaining competitive rates to grow deposits sustainably [106]
M&T(MTB) - 2025 Q2 - Earnings Call Presentation
2025-07-16 15:00
Financial Performance Highlights - GAAP diluted EPS increased by 28% quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) and 14% year-over-year (YoY)[32] - Return on Assets rose by 23 basis points (bps) QoQ[32] - Return on Common Equity increased by 203 bps QoQ[32] - Provision for Credit Losses declined by 4% QoQ and 17% YoY[32] - Diluted Net Operating EPS increased +27% QoQ and +13% YoY[33] Balance Sheet - Average loans increased by $563 million QoQ[43] - CRE loans declined by 4% (-$926 million), reflecting higher payoffs and the sale of an out-of-footprint portfolio[43] - Consumer loans rose by 4% (+$1 billion), reflecting higher average recreational finance and automobile loans[43] - Average deposits increased by $22 billion or 1% QoQ[47] - Repurchased $11 billion of common shares in 2Q25[39] Income Statement - Noninterest income increased by $72 million or 12% QoQ[52] - Noninterest expense decreased by $79 million, or -6% QoQ[57] - Taxable-equivalent net interest income increased +$15 million or 1% QoQ[38] Credit Quality - Criticized loans decreased -$10 billion QoQ[68]
Chimera Investment(CIM) - 2025 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-05-08 13:32
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Earnings available for distribution improved by 11% and book value increased by 7.4% with an economic return of 9.2% for the quarter [6][13] - GAAP net income for the first quarter was $145.9 million or $1.77 per share, while economic net interest income was $72.3 million [13][14] - The yield on average interest-earning assets was 5.9% and the average cost of funds was 4.4%, resulting in a net interest spread of 1.5% [14] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Third-party loans under management by Palisades Advisory Services increased by 43% year over year, reaching nearly $24 billion [7] - The company managed a total of nearly $37 billion in assets, including on-balance sheet assets and those managed for others [7] - The company executed impactful balance sheet moves, including cash-out refinancing that unlocked $187 million [8][27] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - National home price growth was 3.9% year over year, with varying performance across regions [21] - Existing home sales declined to a 4 million unit annualized pace, marking the slowest first quarter since 2009 [21] - Delinquency rates remained stable at 8.9%, with prepayments decreasing to 5.5% [23] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to build a hybrid mortgage REIT that is resilient and diversified, focusing on diversifying the portfolio and growing recurring fee income [11][30] - The strategy includes adding Agency RMBS assets and evaluating MSR opportunities to generate attractive returns [29][30] - The company is focused on disciplined risk management and thoughtful portfolio construction [30] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that despite market volatility, the company is holding steady and expects to continue growing third-party loans under management [10] - The outlook for the third-party business remains positive, with expectations for growth depending on the mortgage market [42] - Management expressed caution regarding capital deployment due to ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty [29] Other Important Information - The company ended the quarter with $697 million in total cash and unencumbered assets [14] - The company refinanced two structured repo lines, extending maturities and lowering costs, which released an additional $100 million in cash [26][55] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on book value performance - Management indicated that book value was down about 40 basis points as of the beginning of the second quarter [33] Question: Timing for deploying freed-up investment capital - Approximately 33% to 40% of the $187 million has been deployed, with a focus on building liquidity [35][36] Question: Outlook for third-party business growth - Management is bullish on growth potential, depending on the mortgage market and new client acquisitions [42] Question: Sensitivity to higher delinquency rates - Management noted that delinquencies in the RPL portfolio are stable and not a major concern, while monitoring trends in non-QM portfolios [60][63] Question: Details on new loan facilities and advance rates - Management did not disclose specific advance rates but confirmed that the facilities are structured repo facilities with banking relationships [64][66]
Chimera Investment(CIM) - 2025 Q1 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-05-08 13:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Earnings available for distribution improved by 11% and book value increased by 7.4% with an economic return of 9.2% for the quarter [6] - GAAP net income for the first quarter was $145.9 million or $1.77 per share, while GAAP book value at the end of the quarter was $21.17 per share [13] - Economic net interest income for the first quarter was $72.3 million with a yield on average interest-earning assets of 5.9% and an average cost of funds of 4.4%, resulting in a net interest spread of 1.5% [14] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Third-party loans under management by Palisades Advisory Services increased by 43% year over year, reaching nearly $24 billion [7] - The company executed impactful balance sheet moves, including cash-out refinancing that unlocked $187 million [8] - The company settled $100 million in residential transition loans during the quarter, expecting mid-teen levered returns [9] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - National home price growth was 3.9% year over year, with varying performance across regions [22] - Existing home sales declined to a 4 million unit annualized pace, marking the slowest first quarter since 2009 [22] - Delinquency rates remained stable at 8.9% for the re-performing loan portfolio, with prepayments at 5.5% [24] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to build a hybrid mortgage REIT that is resilient and diversified, focusing on diversifying the portfolio and growing recurring fee income [11][32] - The strategy includes adding Agency RMBS assets and evaluating MSR opportunities to generate attractive returns [31] - The company is focused on disciplined risk management and thoughtful portfolio construction to support attractive risk-adjusted returns [32] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that despite market volatility, the company is holding steady and expects to continue growing third-party loans under management [10] - The current book value is estimated to be flat to slightly down, with a focus on building liquidity [10][36] - Management expressed cautious optimism regarding the growth potential of the third-party business, depending on the mortgage market [42] Other Important Information - The company ended the quarter with $697 million in total cash and unencumbered assets, enhancing liquidity [14] - The company refinanced two structured repo lines, extending maturities and lowering costs, which unlocked additional cash for investment [27] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on book value performance - Management indicated that book value was down about 40 basis points as of the latest update [35] Question: Timing for deploying freed-up investment capital - Approximately 33% to 40% of the $187 million has been deployed, with a focus on building liquidity [36][37] Question: Outlook for third-party business growth - Management is bullish on growth potential, depending on the mortgage market and client acquisition [42] Question: Sensitivity to higher delinquency rates - Management noted that delinquencies in the re-performing loan portfolio are stable and not considered high for that product type [58][62] Question: Details on new loan facilities and advance rates - Management did not disclose specific advance rates but confirmed that the facilities are structured repo facilities with limited mark-to-market features [63][65]