If you have a 401(k) through work, there's a chance your employer offers a Roth 401(k) option — and it's becoming more common. According to Vanguard, 86% of their 401(k) plans included a Roth feature at the end of 2024. That's up from 74% just four years earlier. Among larger plans, the feature is even more widespread, with 95% offering it. Yet despite this availability, fewer than 1 in 5 participants in these plans actually choose to contribute to a Roth 401(k). Finance expert and author Suze Orman said ...

Core Insights - Traditional retirement advice primarily targets high-income earners, leaving middle-class families earning $50,000 to $100,000 without tailored strategies [1][2] - A practical retirement plan for middle-class families should consider real-world financial constraints and gradual saving methods [2] Group 1: Saving Strategies - Financial experts suggest a goal of saving 15% of income for retirement, but recommend starting small and gradually increasing contributions [3] - A 30-year-old starting at a 3% contribution and increasing by 1 percentage point annually can reach 15% by age 42, allowing for a smoother adjustment to lifestyle changes [4] - Utilizing both traditional 401(k) and Roth IRA accounts provides tax diversification, which is crucial for middle-class families [4][5] Group 2: Investment Choices - Middle-class investors should focus on low-cost index funds to avoid high fees, as even a 1% annual fee can significantly impact long-term savings [6] - Broad market index funds with expense ratios under 0.2% are recommended, with target-date funds being suitable for those seeking professional management without high costs [6] Group 3: Healthcare Considerations - Healthcare costs are a major concern in retirement, as Medicare does not cover all expenses, potentially consuming a large portion of a middle-class retirement budget [7]

Core Insights - The article discusses retirement income planning, emphasizing the combination of Social Security benefits and investment income to achieve a comfortable retirement [1][6][18] - It highlights the importance of understanding the tax implications of different account types on retirement income [9][11][12] Income Sources - A hypothetical scenario presents a pre-tax income of $63,200 from $31,200 in Social Security benefits and $32,000 in investment income, which exceeds the median income for those aged 65 and older [1][6] - Following the 4% withdrawal rate guideline, an $800,000 portfolio could yield an additional $32,000 in the first year of retirement, adjusted for inflation in subsequent years [2][18] Social Security Considerations - Social Security benefits are inflation-adjusted and have been consistently paid since 1940, but projections indicate a potential 17% reduction in benefits by 2035 unless Congress intervenes [4][3] - Previous adjustments to Social Security have included tax increases and retirement age extensions, with potential future fixes available [3][4] Tax Implications - The type of account holding retirement savings (taxable, tax-free, or pre-tax) significantly affects tax liabilities and overall retirement income [5][9] - Withdrawals from pre-tax accounts like traditional 401(k)s are taxed as ordinary income, which can also impact the taxation of Social Security benefits [9][10] Investment Strategies - Asset allocation is crucial; investing in fixed-income securities or diversified portfolios can provide reliable income without depleting principal [13][15] - Stocks can offer higher returns but come with volatility; historical averages suggest a nearly 10% annual return for the S&P 500 [14][15] Retirement Planning Tips - Delaying retirement or Social Security claims can significantly increase retirement income, with a potential $56,000 growth in savings over one year at a 7% growth rate [20] - Reducing housing expenses is vital, as it constitutes a significant portion of retirees' budgets, and relocating to less expensive areas can enhance financial stability [20][18]