Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Company and Industry Overview - The conference primarily focuses on Amazon Web Services (AWS), a leading cloud computing platform, which has grown to a $132 billion business, with a year-over-year growth rate of 20% [1][2][3] - AWS is recognized for its extensive infrastructure, including the largest private network and a global network of data centers spanning 38 regions and 120 availability zones [3][4] Core Insights and Arguments - AWS's growth is attributed to various services, including S3, which handles over 500 trillion objects and hundreds of exabytes of data, and the increasing adoption of AI technologies [2][3] - The introduction of Bedrock, a platform for deploying generative AI applications, has seen significant uptake, with over 50 customers processing more than 1 trillion tokens each [30][31] - AWS's AI infrastructure is highlighted as the most scalable and powerful, with a focus on NVIDIA GPUs and the launch of new Trainium chips designed for AI workloads [14][20][21] - The company emphasizes the importance of security and compliance, particularly in sectors like healthcare and finance, where AWS has established partnerships with major organizations [5][18] Innovations and Developments - AWS has launched several new AI models and services, including Nova 2, which offers cost-optimized low-latency models, and Nova Forge, allowing customers to blend proprietary data with AWS's training datasets [47][49] - The introduction of AI Factories enables customers to deploy dedicated AI infrastructure in their own data centers, enhancing security and compliance [19] - The Trainium 3 Ultra servers, featuring the first 3-nanometer AI chip, promise significant improvements in compute performance and efficiency for AI workloads [22][23] Customer Success Stories - Companies like Eli Lilly are leveraging AWS's infrastructure to create AI Science Factories, enabling autonomous hypothesis generation and experimentation [27][28] - Sony's partnership with AWS has transformed its operations, enhancing its ability to deliver engaging customer experiences through data insights and AI capabilities [51][56] Additional Important Points - The conference highlighted the shift towards AI agents, which are expected to revolutionize business operations by automating tasks and improving efficiency [11][12][59] - AWS's commitment to supporting startups is evident, with a significant percentage of AI startups being built on its platform [6][41] - The importance of integrating proprietary data into AI models to enhance their effectiveness and relevance to specific business needs was emphasized [42][45] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed during the conference, focusing on AWS's growth, innovations, customer success stories, and the future of AI in business.

Evolent Health Conference Call Summary Company Overview - **Company**: Evolent Health - **Industry**: Managed Care and Healthcare IT - **Focus Areas**: Specialty care management, particularly in oncology, cardiology, and musculoskeletal conditions [3][4] Key Financial Insights - **Revenue Composition**: Two-thirds of Evolent's revenue is linked to the ACA Marketplace and Medicaid, while about one-third is from Medicare Advantage [6] - **2025 Guidance**: Evolent reiterated its 4Q and 2025 guidance, with adjusted EBITDA expected to be $149 million, including $10 million from an asset being divested [32][33] - **Performance Suite**: Expected to generate about 80% of adjusted EBITDA from tech and services, and 20% from risk-based Performance Suites [19][33] Cost Trends and Utilization - **Cost Trends**: Oncology cost trend is under 11%, while cardiology trends are higher due to benefits rush ahead of premium increases [4] - **Impact on Specialty Cost**: Evolent uses risk pool adjustments to isolate its impact on specialty cost trends, with a growing pipeline of Medicare Advantage business [6][10] Value Creation and Cost Savings - **Evidence-Based Pathways**: Evolent aims to increase adherence to evidence-based care from 65% to about 85%, which reduces costs by ensuring the right treatment is provided initially [9][10] - **Cost Categories**: In oncology, 80% of costs are in therapeutics, with significant savings opportunities in matching therapies to patients. In cardiology, savings come from preventing surgical interventions [12][14] Contractual Protections and Market Dynamics - **Contractual Protections**: Evolent has secured protections around case mix and drug pricing in 90% of contracts, allowing for better risk management [22][24] - **Market Environment**: Health plans are more willing to negotiate favorable terms due to financial pressures, allowing Evolent to secure better contracts [23][25] Future Expectations - **2026 Revenue Outlook**: Evolent expects $750 million in new Performance Suite annual contract value (ACV) with $550 million anticipated to hit in 2026 [29][31] - **EBITDA Expectations**: Minimal EBITDA contribution expected from new contracts in 2026, with a target of reaching a 10% margin by mid to late 2028 [31] Membership and Market Challenges - **Membership Trends**: Declines in Medicaid membership and Medicare Advantage membership are impacting revenue, with expectations of a 40-60% shrinkage in ACA Marketplace revenue [36][42] - **Operational Investments**: Evolent invested $10 million in AI and efficiency improvements to enhance clinical operations and reduce costs [37] Strategic Decisions - **Divestiture of ECP**: Evolent decided to divest its ECP business to focus on its core specialty business, which is expected to grow significantly [49][50] - **Use of Proceeds**: Proceeds from the divestiture will be used to pay down high-interest debt, improving cash flow conversion and targeting a leverage ratio of about 5.5 times by year-end [51][52] Conclusion Evolent Health is strategically positioned in the managed care sector, focusing on specialty care management with a strong emphasis on cost reduction through evidence-based practices. The company is navigating market challenges while securing favorable contractual terms and investing in operational efficiencies to drive future growth.

MSCI Conference Call Summary Company Overview - **Company**: MSCI Inc. (NYSE: MSCI) - **Industry**: Investment Management and Financial Services Key Points Business Growth and Strategy - MSCI aims for **double-digit subscription revenue growth** and **low to mid-teens EBITDA growth** in the long term, despite recent results not meeting these targets [5][11] - The company is positioned to benefit from a shift towards **rules-based and systematic investment strategies**, including customized portfolios and solutions [6][8] - MSCI's unique offerings include comprehensive frameworks for defining investment opportunities and risk management tools across all asset classes [7][10] Client Segments and Opportunities - Significant growth opportunities are identified in **wealth management, broker-dealers, hedge funds, and insurance companies**, where MSCI has historically had a smaller presence [8][9] - The company is enhancing its product offerings to cater to these segments, which are expected to drive long-term growth [8][21] - MSCI is focused on developing **custom indices** and related data sets, which are increasingly in demand due to the trend towards personalized investment strategies [24][25] Financial Performance - MSCI reported **record Q3 levels** for recurring sales and net new sales in its index and analytics segments, indicating strong momentum [12][13] - The company acknowledges challenges in growth due to factors like sustainability concerns and pressures in the commercial real estate sector [12][16] - Pricing strategies have remained consistent, with a focus on client usage and the value delivered to clients, which supports ongoing price increases [17][18] Segment-Specific Insights - **Index Segment**: Subscription growth has slowed, particularly due to a decline in the ESG index module, which previously saw high growth rates [19][20] - **Analytics Segment**: Strong growth has been driven by hedge funds and broader investor demand for factor models and enhanced analytics capabilities [33][34] - **Sustainability and Climate**: This segment has faced challenges, but MSCI is expanding its offerings beyond traditional ESG ratings to include broader sustainability factors [36][39] Capital Allocation and Expenses - MSCI maintains a selective approach to capital allocation, focusing on share repurchases and potential bolt-on acquisitions to enhance capabilities [49][50] - The company emphasizes financial management to balance long-term growth investments with profitability [50] Future Outlook - MSCI remains optimistic about its growth trajectory, particularly in new client segments and through innovation in product offerings [14][31] - The company is well-positioned to capitalize on the evolving investment landscape, especially with advancements in AI and data analytics [50][51]

Arrow Electronics Conference Call Summary Company Overview - **Company**: Arrow Electronics (NYSE:ARW) - **Date**: December 02, 2025 - **Speaker**: Bill Austin, Interim President and CEO Key Industry Insights - **Market Position**: Arrow is a leading distributor in the global electronics and enterprise IT ecosystems, serving large end markets such as industrial, transportation, aerospace and defense, medical, consumer electronics, and data center [2][5] - **Market Growth**: The distribution total addressable market (DTAM) for Arrow's core distribution business exceeds $250 billion, with the existing product distribution market growing at an annual rate of 6-10% [8][9] Core Business Strategies 1. **Investment Thesis**: Arrow's investment strategy is built on four pillars: - Leading position in expanding markets - Shift towards higher-margin value-added services - Diversified business model providing financial flexibility - Focused capital allocation strategy [2][4] 2. **Value-Added Services**: The company is increasing its mix of higher-margin services, which now account for approximately 30% of total operating income, up from less than 20% historically [9][10] 3. **Global Components Business**: This segment represents roughly 70% of total revenue, focusing on semiconductors and interconnects, with a strong emphasis on value-added solutions [6][7] 4. **Enterprise Component Solutions (ECS)**: Comprising about 30% of total revenue, ECS delivers hybrid cloud infrastructure, cybersecurity, and AI-driven solutions, with a significant portion of billings now coming from software and services [22][23] Financial Performance - **Free Cash Flow**: Arrow has generated approximately $3.1 billion in free cash flow over the last five years, demonstrating resilience across market cycles [29] - **Capital Allocation**: Since 2020, Arrow has returned about $3.5 billion to shareholders through share repurchases, representing roughly one-third of outstanding shares [5][31] Operational Excellence - **Productivity Initiatives**: Arrow is focused on simplifying operations and consolidating resources to drive cost efficiencies and reinvestment capacity for growth [4] - **Customer Engagement**: The company aims to deepen customer relationships through its value-added services, which enhance supply chain visibility and accelerate time to market [11][17] Future Outlook - **Market Trends**: Arrow is well-positioned to benefit from secular trends in cloud, AI, automation, and electrification, which are driving demand in core end markets [8][29] - **Strategic Partnerships**: The company is evolving its role from a traditional distributor to a strategic partner, enabling technology makers to focus on innovation while Arrow manages go-to-market complexities [24][25] Conclusion - Arrow Electronics is strategically positioned to leverage its diversified business model and operational strengths to create long-term value for shareholders, with a clear focus on higher-margin offerings and sustainable growth in expanding markets [31][32]

Summary of Element Solutions Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Element Solutions Inc. (ESI) - **Industry**: Electronics and Specialty Chemicals Key Points Industry Trends and Market Performance - The electronics market is experiencing momentum in fast-growing niches such as AI and data centers, contributing to a record third quarter for Element Solutions [3][4][5] - The smartphone market has shown slightly better-than-expected performance, while there is continued weakness in certain areas of electric vehicles [3][5] - ESI has achieved six consecutive quarters of high single-digit organic growth in its electronics business, despite a mixed overall electronics market [5][6] Growth Expectations - ESI anticipates continued high single-digit growth in its electronics business through 2026, with no significant improvement expected in the industrial economy [5][6] - The company has a strong focus on high-end compute and internet infrastructure, which has grown to represent at least 20% of its business [10][11] Acquisitions and Portfolio Strategy - ESI has made two recent acquisitions: Micromax and Advanced Materials, aimed at enhancing its market penetration and customer value proposition [12][14][16] - Micromax specializes in thick film paste and electronics inks, while Advanced Materials provides specialty rare gases for industrial applications [14][16] - The acquisitions are expected to create synergies and accelerate revenue growth, with Micromax having a 40%+ EBITDA margin when excluding precious metals [15][17] Integration Plans - The integration of EFC (Advanced Materials) will be more straightforward as it will remain a standalone business, while Micromax will be integrated into the MacDermid Alpha Electronics Solutions unit [20][22] - ESI plans to leverage its existing capabilities to enhance customer relationships and drive growth through strategic account management [20][21] Financial Performance and Outlook - ESI aims to compound intrinsic value per share and earnings per share in the teens, with a growth algorithm of mid-single-digit top-line growth and strong cash flow generation [41][42] - The company has successfully deleveraged its balance sheet and is positioned for significant earnings growth entering 2025 [41][42] Competitive Landscape - ESI has become a more stable company in the market, with a growing portfolio and enhanced capabilities compared to competitors [32][33] - The company is focused on systems solution sales, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the electronics supply chain [29][30] Operational Excellence - ESI's industrial business has been performing well, driven by operational excellence and market share growth, despite a declining volume environment [36][38] - The company emphasizes that it does not rely solely on organic volume growth to drive earnings, focusing instead on margin improvements and market share gains [38] Market Perception and Communication - ESI seeks to improve market understanding of its unique position at the intersection of materials and electronics, emphasizing its innovative contributions to customer supply chains [43][44] Additional Insights - The company is not actively seeking to divest any of its businesses, as all segments are viewed as high-quality with growth opportunities [39] - ESI is focused on maintaining a decentralized model that allows for autonomy and ownership close to the customer, ensuring effective integration and growth strategies [26]

Summary of Applied Materials Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Applied Materials (NasdaqGS: AMAT) - **Date**: December 02, 2025 - **Key Speaker**: Brice Hill, CFO Industry Insights - **Industry**: Semiconductor Equipment - **Key Trends**: - AI is identified as a significant tailwind for the semiconductor industry, driving demand for energy-efficient computing solutions [3][10][12] - Leading-edge logic and DRAM are expected to see strong growth, particularly in the second half of 2026 [3][6][19] - The demand for high bandwidth memory (HBM) is also increasing, driven by AI applications [5][12] Financial Performance and Projections - **WFE (Wafer Fabrication Equipment)**: - Expected to be flat to modestly up in the first half of 2026, with stronger growth anticipated in the second half [3][4] - The company is preparing for increased capacity based on customer roadmaps [4][5] - **Market Share**: - Applied Materials lost approximately 200 basis points of WFE market share in 2025, attributed to trade restrictions in China and a strong year for NAND, where the company does not participate directly [17][19] - The company expects to regain market share in 2026, with no additional trade restrictions anticipated [21][19] Customer Dynamics - **China Market**: - Trade restrictions have impacted the company's ability to serve approximately 40% of the WFE market in China [17][21] - The company anticipates a potential revenue increase due to the revocation of the BIS affiliates rule, which previously cost $600 million in revenue [23][25] - The focus is shifting towards 28 nanometer technologies, which could enhance competitiveness in China [21][22] Services Business - **AGS (Applied Global Services)**: - Expected to grow at low double digits, benefiting from an increasing installed base and new service products [32][33] - The introduction of AI-generated insights is expected to optimize yields and enhance service revenue [33][34] Gross Margin and Pricing Strategy - **Gross Margin**: - The company achieved an average gross margin of 48.8% in 2025, with improved pricing contributing significantly to this increase [39][40] - A disciplined pricing strategy has been implemented to reflect the value of new tools and capabilities [40][41] Technology and Innovation - **Gate-All-Around Technology**: - The transition to gate-all-around transistors is expected to significantly enhance performance and power efficiency, with a projected market size increase from $6 billion to $7 billion [42][43] - **PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)**: - The PVD franchise remains strong, critical for building copper interconnects in semiconductor devices, with no changes to the growth forecast [44][45] Conclusion - Applied Materials is positioned for growth driven by AI and leading-edge technologies, with a focus on regaining market share and enhancing service offerings. The company is optimistic about its future prospects, particularly in the context of evolving customer needs and technological advancements.

Summary of Visa's 2025 Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Visa Inc. (NYSE: V) - **Event**: 2025 Conference Call - **Date**: December 02, 2025 Key Industry Insights Q4 Trends - Visa reported stable and strong growth in Q4, with U.S. payment volume growth at **8%** and international growth at **10%** [4][5] - Cross-border payment volume growth was approximately **11%-12%** [4] - For the first three weeks of October, U.S. growth was **7%-8%** and cross-border growth was about **11%** [5] MDL Settlement - Visa reached an agreement in the MDL settlement, providing financial relief and flexibility for merchants [8] - Effective average interchange rates in the U.S. will see a **10 basis point reduction** for five years, with caps on rates for standard consumer credit cards at **125 basis points** [9] - Merchants will have increased flexibility regarding surcharging and card acceptance [10] Agentic Commerce - Visa is optimistic about agentic commerce, which allows consumers to use AI to shop on their behalf [13] - The introduction of Visa Intelligent Commerce aims to enhance consumer experience through secure, tokenized transactions [14][15] - Visa is developing protocols to differentiate between good agents and bad bots in the digital commerce space [18] Tokenization - Visa has seen significant growth in tokenization, reaching **16 billion tokens**, with a goal of achieving **100% tokenization** [21] - Tokenization increases approval rates by **5 percentage points** and reduces fraud by over **35%** [21] - Visa is focusing on monetizing tokenization through value-added services and lifecycle management [22][23] Value-Added Services (VAS) - VAS has grown from **20%** of revenue to nearly **30%**, with growth rates in various segments reaching **20%-40%** [25][28] - Visa is positioned to help clients with their payment-related projects, enhancing partnerships and driving demand for VAS [27][29] Value-in-Kind (VIK) Incentives - VIK converts a portion of cash incentives into coupons for clients to purchase services from Visa, fostering deeper partnerships [32][33] - VIK ensures clients have resources to invest in their business, leading to more substantive conversations and exploration of new services [33][34] Market Models - Visa operates using four market models: cash-rich, high potential, high potential challenger, and digitally mature [43][44] - High potential markets like Japan, Germany, and Mexico are seen as having significant growth opportunities due to high cash transaction volumes [46][47] Cross-Border Capability - Visa's cross-border payment system is considered a significant competitive advantage, built over decades [48][49] - The complexity of establishing a similar system through partnerships highlights Visa's unique position in the market [50][51] Additional Insights - Visa's focus on maintaining strong relationships with clients through incentives is crucial for aligning interests and ensuring long-term partnerships [38][41] - The company is committed to continuous improvement and innovation in the payments ecosystem, welcoming competition as a means to enhance its offerings [52] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed during Visa's 2025 conference call, highlighting the company's performance, strategic initiatives, and market positioning.

Summary of JFrog Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: JFrog - **Event**: UBS Global Technology and AI Conference - **Key Speakers**: CFO Ed, IR Jeff Schreiner Industry Insights - **Software Industry**: Notable acceleration in the software sector, with JFrog experiencing a 26% growth in the most recent quarter, a 6% top-line beat above expectations [7][9] - **Cloud Growth**: JFrog reported a 50% year-over-year growth in cloud services, driven by increased usage over minimum commitments and larger deal sizes [7][12] Key Growth Drivers - **Cloud Migration**: Transition from self-hosted to cloud solutions is a significant growth driver, with potential uplifts of 20-80% in subscription value [23] - **Security Demand**: Increased focus on security, particularly in response to recent events affecting npm, is driving higher average selling prices (ASPs) [12][66] - **AI Integration**: The rise of AI technologies is creating new opportunities for JFrog, particularly in managing and securing AI-generated code and binaries [33][34] Financial Guidance and Performance - **Guidance Philosophy**: JFrog's guidance excludes unpredictable variables such as large deals and usage over minimum commitments, focusing instead on committed revenue [12][15] - **Q4 Outlook**: Anticipated deceleration in cloud growth for Q4, with a responsible guidance approach that considers previous large deals [14][15] Product Innovations - **App Trust**: A new product aimed at automating compliance in software delivery, generating significant interest in the market [25] - **AI Catalog**: Designed to secure large language models, with a 100% increase in model usage since Q1 [26] - **Fly**: Aimed at small teams, this product is more of an R&D initiative to capture emerging technology users [27] Competitive Landscape - **GitHub and GitLab**: JFrog has strengthened its relationship with GitHub, positioning itself as a leader in binary management while GitHub focuses on source code [61][62] - **Model Registry**: JFrog's acquisition of Qwak enhances its capabilities in managing AI models, providing a competitive edge in the model registry space [39][40] Security and Compliance - **Curation Demand**: Increased demand for curation services, particularly following npm security incidents, is seen as a key growth area [66][68] - **Vendor Consolidation**: JFrog aims to consolidate multiple point solutions into its platform, which is a significant part of its growth strategy [70] Future Outlook - **Investment in Technology**: JFrog plans to continue expanding its platform with new technologies, including DevSecOps and MLOps, to maintain its competitive advantage [77] - **Long-term Strategy**: The company is focused on building a comprehensive solution that integrates various aspects of software development and security, ensuring customer retention through added value [78] Conclusion - JFrog is positioned for strong growth driven by cloud migration, security demands, and AI integration, while maintaining a responsible guidance approach and focusing on product innovation to enhance its competitive moat in the software industry [7][12][77]

Summary of Connect Biopharma Holdings FY Conference Call Company Overview - Connect Biopharma is focused on developing a next-generation IL-4 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, retimicavir, designed in their labs outside of Shanghai, China [2][6] - The company aims to address significant unmet needs in asthma and potentially COPD, with a unique mechanism of action and rapid onset of effect [2][3] Core Insights and Arguments - **Market Opportunity**: There are approximately 1 million asthma patients and 1.3 million COPD patients annually seeking urgent care for acute exacerbations, indicating a total addressable market of around 4 million patients [3][15] - **Differentiation from Competitors**: Retimicavir shows a rapid onset of effect within hours, contrasting with existing biologics like Dupixent, which typically take days to weeks to show benefits [3][12] - **Efficacy Data**: In a 24-week chronic asthma study, retimicavir demonstrated an average improvement in airway function of 250-300 ml, with over 400 ml improvement in T2-mediated asthma patients [6][10] - **Safety Profile**: Unlike Dupixent, which has been associated with increased eosinophil levels leading to serious adverse events, retimicavir is expected to decrease eosinophils, presenting a more favorable safety profile [10][12] Clinical Development - **Current Trials**: Two studies are underway targeting acute asthma and COPD exacerbations, each with 160 patients. Data is expected in the first half of next year [21][34] - **Trial Design**: The studies are designed to measure treatment failure rates, with an anticipated 45% failure rate in the control group, aiming for a 50% reduction with retimicavir [23][24] - **Regulatory Pathway**: Following successful phase 2 results, the company plans to engage with the FDA to discuss phase 3 study designs, potentially starting as early as late next year [31][32] Commercial Strategy - **Acute Treatment Focus**: The initial target market is emergency departments and urgent care settings, with a significant opportunity for chronic use following acute treatment [18][19] - **Market Research Insights**: Clinicians believe that successful acute treatment will lead to ongoing chronic use, potentially expanding the market opportunity into the billions [19][34] Additional Considerations - **Collaboration with Chinese Partner**: Retimicavir has been licensed to a large Chinese pharmaceutical company for development in China, which has already filed an NDA for atopic dermatitis and is progressing in asthma studies [6][32] - **Future Indications**: The company is not pursuing atopic dermatitis due to market saturation but sees significant potential in respiratory indications [32] Key Value Drivers - Anticipated data from an IV study aimed at shortening the onset time of retimicavir and pharmacology data supporting its safety and efficacy profile [34]

Summary of Baxter International FY Conference Call (December 02, 2025) Company Overview - **Company**: Baxter International (NYSE:BAX) - **Industry**: Healthcare, specifically in medical devices and pharmaceuticals Key Points and Arguments Leadership Changes - Andrew, the new CEO, brings a strong operational background from companies like GE and Danaher, focusing on continuous improvement and stability in operations [4][5] - The company aims to enhance execution consistency to improve margins and cash flows [6][7] Business Performance and Challenges - The past 18 months have been tumultuous, with initial optimism followed by challenges including management changes and external factors like hurricanes [3][9] - Key areas affecting guidance include: - **Pump Sales**: Initially strong but faced unexpected challenges, leading to a downward revision in expectations [9][10] - **Fluid Conservation**: Post-hurricane production ramp-up has led to a new normal in customer behavior, with a 10%-15% reduction in usage compared to pre-hurricane levels [10][11] - **Pharmaceutical Business**: Market softness in injectables, particularly in the U.S., has impacted overall guidance [11][12] Customer Behavior and Product Demand - Customer behavior regarding pump usage has been mixed, with some opting to switch to Spectrum pumps or return Novum products [16][19] - Demand for Spectrum pumps remains solid, with production ramped up to meet needs [17][18] - The company has not quantified the total revenue headwind from Novum for fiscal 2025 but indicated that pump sales are less than 2% of total sales [20][21] Market Share and Competitive Landscape - Baxter's pump market share is in the high 20s in the U.S., with some share loss attributed to Novum issues [22][23] - Historical data shows that Spectrum pumps have been gaining market share prior to Novum's introduction [25][26] Financial Guidance and Margins - The company anticipates continued challenges in margins due to volume impacts, tariffs, and MSA margin dilution [63][64] - Pricing improvements from renegotiated GPO contracts are expected to contribute positively to margins [63] Future Outlook - The company is optimistic about new product launches, including the Connex 360 next-generation monitor, which is expected to contribute to growth in 2026 [60][61] - There is a focus on improving free cash flow conversion, with expectations for improvement in 2026 [67][68] Conclusion - Baxter is navigating a complex landscape with leadership changes, market challenges, and a focus on operational improvements. The company is committed to enhancing execution and addressing customer needs while preparing for future growth through innovation and strategic planning [5][60][67]