Product Development and Sales - The company anticipates the introduction of its 5G products in Q2 2025, with expected average sales prices for 5G chipsets being approximately four times that of 4G chipsets, leading to a significant increase in revenue and gross margins [148]. - The current product portfolio includes RF and modem chipsets differentiated by speed and functionality, including 4G LTE, 4.5G LTE Advanced, and 4.75G LTE Advanced-Pro chipsets [147]. - The company expects continued demand for its existing 4G LTE product lineup due to the coexistence of 4G and 5G products in the market [148]. - The commercial deployment of 4G and 5G wireless communications equipment is critical for the company’s revenue, with potential delays in deployment negatively impacting sales [151]. Financial Performance - Net revenues decreased by $2.8 million, or 85%, from $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 [178]. - Product sales decreased by $2.3 million, or 96%, from $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 [179]. - Service revenues decreased by $0.5 million, or 54%, from $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 [180]. - Gross profit decreased to $0.088 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $1.953 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, representing a decrease of 95% [178]. - Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $7.0 million, compared to a net income of $0.757 million for the same period in 2024, representing a change of 1020% [195]. Expenses and Operating Costs - Research and development expenses decreased by $1.4 million, or 26%, from $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 [185]. - Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 12%, from $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 [186]. - General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.2 million, or 8%, from $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 [187]. - The company anticipates an increase in general and administrative expenses due to growth and the costs associated with operating as a public company [170]. Cash Flow and Financing - As of March 31, 2025, the company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.0 million and outstanding convertible promissory notes and borrowings totaling $50.2 million [201]. - Cash used in operating activities for Q1 2025 was $7.951 million, a decrease from $14.413 million in Q1 2024 [206]. - Net cash provided by financing activities in Q1 2025 was $7.697 million, compared to $30.274 million in Q1 2024 [206]. - Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $396,000 in Q1 2025, contrasting with an increase of $15.864 million in Q1 2024 [206]. - The company has filed a universal shelf registration statement allowing it to raise up to $200.0 million from the issuance of securities, including $75.0 million for the ATM Offering [204]. - The company plans to finance activities including mass production costs for 5G products and hiring additional personnel in engineering, sales, and marketing [208]. Industry and Market Risks - The semiconductor industry has historically exhibited cyclicality, with downturns potentially leading to declines in demand, production overcapacity, and price erosion [156]. - The company relies on third-party foundries for manufacturing, with no formal agreements guaranteeing minimum manufacturing capacity, which poses risks during periods of high demand [158]. - The provision for credit losses increased to $1.5 million as of March 31, 2025, up from $1.2 million as of December 31, 2024 [222]. - The company has material commitments and contractual obligations related to leases and research and development agreements [213]. - The company has historically raised capital through equity and equity-linked instruments, but future success in this area is uncertain [204].

Core Insights - Orbic North America and GCT Semiconductor have signed a letter of intent to collaborate on developing and supplying a mobile hotspot and FWA gateway using a Verizon-certified 5G module based on GCT's new 5G chipset [1][4] - The partnership will initially focus on devices for the Verizon network, with plans to offer versions to other network operators globally [2][3] - GCT will provide technical expertise and chipsets for volume production, enhancing the collaboration's effectiveness [2][3] Company Overview - Orbic is a US-based technology company that specializes in innovative mobile solutions, offering a range of products including smartphones, tablets, and mobile hotspots [5] - GCT Semiconductor is a leading designer and supplier of advanced 5G and 4G LTE semiconductor solutions, known for its system-on-chip solutions that integrate multiple functions for high performance and low power consumption [6] Manufacturing and Development - Orbic is establishing a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Hauppauge, NY, aimed at producing CPE, mobile hotspots, smartphones, and tablets [3] - The partnership is subject to the negotiation of definitive agreements, which the parties intend to complete promptly [4]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Q4 2024, net revenues were $1.8 million, contributing to a gross margin of 32.3% [6] - Total operating expenses were $7.9 million, resulting in a net loss of $5 million, a 51% reduction compared to Q4 2023 [6] - For the full year 2024, net revenues decreased by $6.9 million or 43% from $16 million in 2023 to $9.1 million [13] - Cost of net revenues decreased by $5.2 million or 56%, leading to an increase in gross margin to 56% from 42% in 2023 [15] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The decrease in product sales was primarily driven by a reduction of $5 million in LTE product sales and a decrease of $1.2 million in LTE platform sales as the company transitions to 5G [14] - Research and development expenses increased by $6.6 million or 62% due to increased 5G development activities [16] - Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.7 million or 23% [17] - General and administrative expenses increased by $3.4 million or 46% [18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is transitioning from 4G to 5G, with expectations that 5G chipset sales will significantly impact revenues starting in the second half of 2025 [5][8] - The market for 5G chipsets is expected to be transformative, with higher prices compared to 4G [8] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company has launched the "2025 GCT Year of 5G Program" to focus on the development and mass production of 5G chipsets [7] - The strategy includes reducing debt and aligning the balance sheet with expected sales ramp [9][20] - The company aims to support existing customers transitioning from 4G to 5G while also launching new products [33] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about the upcoming 5G chipset launch and its potential to transform the company and industry [10][22] - The company is in advanced discussions with potential investors to address near-term capital funding needs [12][21] - Management expects 4G revenues to persist as a steady revenue source through 2025 and 2026 [32] Other Important Information - The company reduced its debt from $79.9 million at the beginning of 2024 to $42.6 million by year-end [20] - Cash and cash equivalents at year-end were $1.4 million, with net accounts receivable of $5.7 million and net inventory of $3 million [19] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on Q4 product revenues and service mix - In Q4, there were no platform sales, with all $660,000 in product revenue coming from 4G LTE chip sales [26] Question: Insights on 5G ramp and partnerships - The partnership with Aramco Digital is expected to contribute more in 2026, while 2025 will focus on existing partners launching products [30] Question: Expectations for 4G revenue persistence - 4G is expected to continue as a steady revenue source, with additional products supporting industrial applications [32] Question: Future cash burn expectations - Cash burn in Q4 was managed tightly, with expectations for similar levels in Q1, potentially increasing in Q2 with 5G chip shipments [37] Question: Adjusted EBITDA breakeven point - The adjusted EBITDA breakeven point remains modeled at around $25 million in sales [39]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For Q4 2024, the company reported net revenues of $1.8 million, contributing to a gross margin of 32.3% [6] - Total operating expenses were $7.9 million, resulting in a net loss of $5 million, which is a 51% reduction compared to Q4 2023 [6] - For the full year 2024, net revenues decreased by $6.9 million or 43% from $16 million in 2023 to $9.1 million in 2024 [13] - Cost of net revenues decreased by $5.2 million or 56%, leading to an increase in gross margin to 56% for 2024 compared to 42% in 2023 [15] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The decrease in full-year product sales was primarily driven by a reduction of $5 million in LTE product sales and a decrease of $1.2 million in LTE platform sales as the company transitions to 5G [14] - Research and development expenses increased by $6.6 million or 62% in 2024, primarily due to increased 5G development activities [16] - Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.7 million or 23% in 2024, attributed to temporary services and personnel-related costs [17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is transitioning from 4G to 5G, with expectations that 5G chipset sales will significantly impact revenues starting in the second half of 2025 [5][8] - The company anticipates that the launch of its 5G chipsets will be transformative for both the company and the industry, with higher market prices compared to 4G [8] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company has introduced the "2025 GCT Year of 5G Program" to focus on the development and mass production of 5G chipsets [7] - The company is reducing debt and extending debt maturities to align with the expected ramp in 5G sales [9][20] - The management emphasizes the importance of the upcoming 5G chipset availability for future growth and profitability [10][22] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about the upcoming 5G sales ramp and the potential for profitable growth [7][22] - The company expects 4G revenues to persist through 2025 and 2026, although it will not be a large contributor to growth [32] - Management is in advanced discussions with potential investors to address near-term capital funding needs [12][21] Other Important Information - The company reduced its debt from $79.9 million at the beginning of 2024 to $42.6 million by the end of the year [20] - Cash and cash equivalents at the end of 2024 were reported at $1.4 million, with net accounts receivable of $5.7 million and net inventory of $3 million [19] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on Q4 product revenues and service mix - The CFO clarified that in Q4, there were no platform sales, and all product revenue of $660,000 came from 4G LTE chip sales [26] Question: Insights on 5G ramp and partnerships - Management indicated that while the partnership with Aramco Digital is further out, they expect contributions from existing partners in 2025 [30] Question: Expectations for 4G revenue persistence - Management confirmed that 4G revenues are expected to continue steadily through 2025 and 2026, with additional product launches planned [32][33] Question: Future cash burn expectations - The CFO noted that cash burn in Q1 is expected to remain at similar levels to Q4, with a potential ramp-up in the second half of 2025 [37] Question: Adjusted EBITDA breakeven point - The CFO stated that the adjusted EBITDA breakeven point remains around $25 million in sales, consistent with previous modeling [39]

5G Technology and Market Growth - GCT Semiconductor is a fabless semiconductor company specializing in communication semiconductors, including 5G technologies essential for various applications[24]. - The company expects to introduce its 5G products in the first half of 2025, with average sales prices for 5G chipsets projected to be approximately four times that of 4G chipsets, significantly increasing revenue and gross margins[30]. - Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) services based on 4G and 5G have exceeded 130 million subscriptions as of the end of 2023, with projections to grow at an annual rate of 17%, reaching over 330 million subscriptions by 2029[42]. - 5G-based FWA subscriptions are expected to surpass 4G-based subscriptions by 2025, constituting 85% of total FWA services by 2029[42]. - The company is developing RF and modem chipsets based on 5G new radio (NR), which will provide speeds up to ten times faster than traditional 4G LTE communication[28]. - GCT Semiconductor's 5G chipsets leverage patented technology that improves performance through the use of multiple antennas, making them suitable for ultra-high-speed wireless internet services[29]. - The company anticipates continued demand for its existing 4G LTE product lineup, as 4G products are expected to coexist with 5G products at lower price points for some time[30]. - 5G communication technology is crucial for enabling the Fourth Industrial Revolution, supporting applications like artificial intelligence and autonomous driving[28]. - The U.S. market for 5G-based FWA connections grew from 5 million in Q1 2023 to almost 9 million one year later, with a projected annual growth rate of 40% through 2025[42]. - The company plans to expand its product lineup to support future applications such as vehicle-to-everything standards and 5G-based satellite communication[30]. Product Development and Partnerships - The company has commercialized wireless communication chipset technology using four or eight multiple antennas, achieving significant performance improvements in speed, coverage, and interference reduction, recognized by top global carriers[49]. - The company has established a Joint Development Agreement (JDA) with a leading wireless operator for the design and development of 5G chipsets, which includes milestone payments upon achievement[52]. - The company plans to offer three different 5G chipset solutions tailored to market demands, leveraging its proprietary multi-antenna technology that has been recognized for its efficiency and network coverage expansion[54]. - The company has developed a portfolio of 4G semiconductor solutions, including high-performance 4.75G (CAT12) and low-power 4G IoT (CAT-M1/NB1) solutions, with integrated features to reduce size and cost[58]. - The company has announced development agreements with FWA device manufacturers for its 5G chipsets, including partnerships with Kyocera and a Tier One Telecommunications Supplier[56]. - The company’s multi-antenna modem technology is designed to alleviate network overloads from FWA adoption, providing lower infrastructure costs and improved service for carriers[59]. - The company’s 5G chipsets will support both sub-6GHz and mmWave spectrums, enhancing its competitive position in the rapidly evolving wireless communication market[51]. Financial Performance and Challenges - The company anticipates ongoing cyclicality in semiconductor solution sales due to inherent industry fluctuations and seasonal slowdowns, particularly in Asia during the Lunar New Year, which may impact first-quarter sales[62]. - As of December 31, 2024, the company holds approximately 86 patent rights related to 5G/4G and next-generation wireless communication semiconductor technology, with 55% focused on modem design-related technologies[77]. - The company has established a strong competitive position in the 4G and 5G markets, facing limited competition due to high technology barriers and political sanctions affecting rivals like HiSilicon[69]. - The company has entered into a Foundry Product Development Agreement with Alpha Holdings, committing approximately $7.6 million for semiconductor product development over three years[79]. - The company employs a fabless semiconductor model, utilizing third-party foundries like Samsung and UMC for manufacturing, with a focus on 28nm and 8nm processes for 4G and 5G products[80]. - The company maintains close relationships with wireless carriers and OEMs/ODMs, focusing on securing design wins for wireless broadband devices[70]. - The sales cycle typically exceeds 12 months, with significant technical support provided to customers during product development to ensure successful certification and market entry[74]. - The company has a direct sales force organized regionally, supplemented by local distributors in key markets such as Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Americas[71]. - The company operates under a robust quality assurance system compliant with ISO 9001:2015, ensuring product reliability and adherence to international environmental regulations[83]. - As of December 31, 2024, the company employed 121 full-time employees, with a strong focus on research and development, comprising 76 employees[84]. - The company expects to commence volume shipment of 5G chipsets in the first half of 2025, which is anticipated to generate significant revenue and improve financial performance[93]. - The company has entered into 5G development agreements with Tier 1 wireless communications operators, which include milestone payments upon achieving specified business and development objectives[93]. - The company has invested substantial resources in developing products for the 5G wireless communications market, but faces risks if market demand does not meet expectations[95]. - The company’s products target segments in the 5G market, including fixed wireless access, mobile broadband, and M2M applications, which may be adversely affected if these markets do not grow as anticipated[96]. - The company relies on the commercial deployment of 4G and 5G technologies, and delays in adoption by wireless carriers could harm revenue and financial results[98]. - The company faces competition from established semiconductor companies, which may have greater resources and customer relationships, impacting its ability to maintain market share[105]. - The company’s sales cycle typically takes 12 or more months, making it difficult to predict when sales may occur, which could affect revenue forecasting[100]. - The company employs a dual-pronged market approach focusing on both operators and OEM/ODM customers to facilitate design wins, which is critical for revenue generation[104]. - The company’s ability to compete effectively depends on anticipating market trends and successfully developing products that meet market needs[107]. - The company may face challenges in managing business through economic slow-downs and subsequent growth periods, which could impact operating results[109]. - Four customers accounted for 74% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, while two customers accounted for 38% for the year ended December 31, 2023[113]. - Significant capital investment is required for research and development to remain competitive and manage future growth[110]. - A large portion of operating expenses has been dedicated to the development of 5G products, with significant product revenues not expected before the second half of 2025[111]. - The company does not have long-term capacity agreements with foundries, which may limit the ability to meet future product demands[120]. - Manufacturing cost increases could reduce gross margins and operating profit due to competitive pricing pressures[124]. - The complexity of semiconductor solutions may lead to unforeseen delays or expenses from undetected defects, impacting market acceptance[130]. - Political events and geopolitical uncertainties could disrupt sales and product delivery, adversely affecting business operations[131]. - The company relies on a limited number of customers, and any loss or reduction in orders could significantly impact revenue[117]. - There is no guarantee that research and development investments will yield products that generate additional revenue[110]. - The company plans to negotiate long-term supply agreements with foundries to secure capacity commitments, but success is not assured[123]. - For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company reported a net loss of $12.4 million and $22.5 million, respectively, with cash used in operating activities of $31.0 million and $8.8 million[134]. - As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company had an accumulated deficit of $562.0 million and $549.7 million, respectively, and negative working capital of approximately $43.3 million and $101.8 million[134]. - The company has outstanding convertible promissory notes and borrowings totaling $42.6 million, with $37.6 million due within 12 months from the reporting date[138]. - The company holds 33 US patents, 35 Korean patents, 9 Taiwanese patents, 2 Japanese patents, 2 Chinese patents, and 5 patents issued in other countries as of December 31, 2024[142]. - The company anticipates significant capital outlays and operating expenditures to increase over the next several years as it expands operations and product development activities[137]. - The company has an equity line of credit ("ELOC") allowing it to issue and sell up to $50 million of shares of common stock, but its ability to raise capital under the ELOC has been limited due to lower trading volume and volatility[137]. - The company may face difficulties in accessing capital markets due to external factors, including volatility in equity markets and general economic conditions[137]. - The company may be required to obtain licenses for third-party intellectual property, which could require additional royalties on certain products[151]. - The company has incurred significant operating losses since inception and may not achieve or sustain profitability in the future[134]. - The company expects to incur significant expenses related to research and development of products and expansion of its business[134]. - The company recognized $4.4 million and $5.1 million in non-recurring engineering (NRE) fees for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to product development agreements[154]. Industry Risks and Regulatory Environment - The semiconductor industry has experienced downturns attributed to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing trade disputes, impacting demand and pricing for semiconductors[170]. - A significant portion of the company's expenses are fixed in the near term, which may hinder its ability to reduce costs rapidly in response to revenue shortfalls[171]. - The wireless communications industry has faced pronounced downturns, which could adversely affect demand for the company's products[172]. - The company does not intend to pay dividends on its common stock for the foreseeable future, relying on stock price appreciation for returns[160]. - Anapass, a major shareholder, owns approximately 18.5% of the company's common stock, allowing it to exert significant influence over management decisions[161]. - The company may face challenges in obtaining additional patents, which could limit its competitive advantage[153]. - The market price of the company's common stock may be volatile due to various factors, including changes in financial estimates and economic conditions[156]. - Future sales of common stock could depress the stock price, particularly after the expiration of lock-up periods[165]. - The wireless and consumer electronics industry is characterized by short product cycles and rapid technological changes, posing challenges for the company[175]. - Changes in laws regulating wireless networks could adversely impact the sale of semiconductor solutions, particularly in the 2 and 3 GHz bands[176]. - The high capital required for radio frequency licenses and network expansion may slow growth in the wireless communications industry, affecting the company's business[177]. - Economic uncertainty in the U.S. and international markets, exacerbated by terrorism and political instability, could lead to decreased market demand for the company's products[178]. - Fluctuations in operating results are expected due to cyclicality in the semiconductor industry and the short product life cycles[190]. - Regulatory changes affecting tariffs and trade policies could limit the company's ability to sell products to certain customers, impacting sales and operations[181]. - The company faces risks related to international operations, including geopolitical instability and complexities in managing supply chains in the Asia-Pacific region[192]. - Natural disasters and global epidemics, such as COVID-19, could disrupt operations and adversely affect business results[194]. - Compliance with governmental laws and regulations is critical, as noncompliance could lead to significant penalties and harm the company's financial condition[198]. - The company relies on industry standards set by organizations like IEEE and 3GPP, and failure to adapt to new standards could render its semiconductor solutions obsolete[180]. - The competitive landscape may change if regulatory restrictions on Chinese companies are relaxed, potentially impacting the company's market position[188]. - Changes in U.S. taxation of international business activities could increase the worldwide effective tax rate and adversely affect the financial condition and results of operations[199]. - The company may experience significant fluctuations in operating results due to seasonality and various uncontrollable factors, making future performance projections difficult[201]. Human Resources and Compliance - The loss of key personnel could harm the business, and attracting specialized technical and management talent is critical for growth[208]. - The company plans to recruit design and application engineers with expertise in wireless communications technologies to support anticipated growth[209]. - Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will increase expenses and administrative workload, requiring a system of internal control over financial reporting[211]. - Failure to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by December 31, 2024, could lead to sanctions and loss of investor confidence[213]. - The company has not identified any cybersecurity threats that materially affected business strategy or financial condition as of December 31, 2024, but future incidents could have adverse effects[223]. - The cybersecurity risk management process is overseen by the IT Director and aims to protect critical information systems and data[217]. - The Board and Audit Committee provide oversight of cybersecurity matters, ensuring compliance with disclosure requirements[219]. - The company employs industry-standard methodologies for cybersecurity risk management, including secure network design and employee training[220].

Financial Performance - Net revenues for Q4 2024 were $1.8 million, a 57.4% decrease from $4.2 million in Q4 2023[11] - Full year 2024 net revenues were $9.1 million, a 43.0% decrease from $16.0 million in 2023[11] - Total net revenues decreased to $9,128 million in 2024 from $16,028 million in 2023, representing a decline of 43.3%[19] - Gross profit for 2024 was $5,076 million, down from $6,734 million in 2023, a decrease of 24.6%[19] - The net loss for Q4 2024 was $5.0 million, a 51.1% decrease from $10.2 million in Q4 2023[11] - The company reported a net loss of $12,379 million in 2024, compared to a net loss of $22,469 million in 2023, showing an improvement of 44.8%[19] - Basic and diluted net loss per common share improved to $(0.30) in 2024 from $(0.94) in 2023[19] - Loss before provision for income taxes improved to $(11,934) million in 2024 from $(21,928) million in 2023, an improvement of 45.4%[19] Operating Expenses - Total operating expenses for Q4 2024 were $7.9 million, a 28.9% increase from $6.2 million in Q4 2023[11] - Total operating expenses decreased to $18,198 million in 2024 from $21,292 million in 2023, a reduction of 14.0%[19] - Research and development expenses increased significantly to $17,329 million in 2024 from $10,712 million in 2023, an increase of 62.1%[19] - Interest expense decreased to $(3,867) million in 2024 from $(6,246) million in 2023, a decrease of 38.2%[19] Balance Sheet and Liabilities - The company reduced its debt by nearly 50% during 2024, improving its balance sheet for future growth[3] - Total liabilities decreased to $79.2 million as of December 31, 2024, from $131.9 million in the previous year[17] - Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024, were $1.4 million, with total current assets of $17.6 million[7][17] Future Outlook - 5G chipset availability is expected to commence in the first half of 2025, with significant partnerships announced for development and mass production[4] - The company anticipates that the second half of 2025 will be strongly influenced by 5G chipset sales, with market demand significantly higher than for 4G[3][8] Other Financial Metrics - Weighted average common shares outstanding increased to 40,630 million in 2024 from 23,991 million in 2023[19] - Gain on foreign currency transactions increased significantly to $4,690 million in 2024 from $266 million in 2023[19]

Financial Performance - Net revenues decreased by $1.9 million, or 42%, to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $4.5 million for the same period in 2023, primarily due to a $2.3 million decrease in product sales[170]. - Product sales decreased by $2.3 million, or 57%, from $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, to $1.7 million for the same period in 2024, attributed to excess LTE channel inventory and a shift in customer priorities towards 5G products[171]. - Service revenues increased by $0.4 million, or 99%, from $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, to $0.9 million for the same period in 2024, driven by significant ongoing service projects[172]. - Gross profit increased to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $0.5 million for the same period in 2023, resulting in a gross margin of 62%[174]. - Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $7.1 million, compared to a net loss of $4.3 million for the same period in 2023, representing a 64% increase in loss[179]. - For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net revenues decreased by $4.5 million, or 38%, to $7.3 million, primarily due to a $4.6 million decrease in product sales[181]. - For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the company reported a net loss of $7.4 million, compared to a net loss of $12.3 million for the same period in 2023[204]. - Cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $28.7 million, significantly higher than $7.9 million for the same period in 2023[204]. - Free cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $(28.9) million, compared to $(8.2) million for the same period in 2023[202]. Research and Development - Research and development expenses are expected to increase as the company continues to grow and expand operations[165]. - Research and development expenses increased by $1.8 million, or 78%, from $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, to $4.2 million for the same period in 2024, mainly due to professional services for 5G chip design[175]. - Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, increased by $6.6 million, or 92%, to $13.9 million, driven by development projects related to 5G products[185]. Operating Expenses - Operating expenses include significant costs related to general and administrative functions, which are expected to rise due to public company requirements[157][165]. - Total operating expenses increased by $2.99 million, or 66%, from $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, to $7.5 million for the same period in 2024[177]. - Cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $28.7 million, primarily due to a net loss of $7.4 million and non-cash adjustments of $12.2 million[214]. Financing and Liquidity - The company entered into a term loan agreement for KRW 4.0 billion ($2.9 million) with a board member, bearing an annual interest rate of 12.0%[142]. - The company received $17.2 million in cash proceeds from a reverse recapitalization and PIPE Financing in March 2024[205]. - The net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $31.6 million, compared to $7.6 million for the same period in 2023[213]. - Cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $31.6 million, including $17.2 million from reverse recapitalization and PIPE Financing[216]. - As of September 30, 2024, the company had outstanding convertible promissory notes and borrowings totaling $41.8 million, with $36.8 million due within 12 months[207]. - The company plans to use additional liquidity for mass production costs of 5G products, acquisition of IP, and hiring additional personnel[211]. Market and Industry Conditions - The semiconductor industry has experienced a downturn since late 2022, impacting demand and pricing, particularly for 4G LTE products[153]. - The company anticipates increased demand for its products following the launch of new 5G products, as major customers shift focus from 4G to 5G[155]. - The company faces risks from economic conditions that could adversely affect customer demand and financial performance[156]. Company Structure and Compliance - The company is classified as an "emerging growth company" under the JOBS Act, allowing it to delay adopting new accounting standards[229]. - The company has elected to take advantage of scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies, contingent on market value and revenue thresholds[231]. - The company has material commitments and contractual obligations, including leases and research and development agreements[218]. - The company has various operating leases with expiration dates through 2026[218].

Financial Performance - Net revenues for Q3 2024 were $2.6 million, a 77.8% sequential increase from the previous quarter, driven by a rebound in product revenue ahead of the anticipated 5G ramp[2] - Total net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were $2,610 million, a decrease from $4,476 million in the same period of 2023, representing a decline of 41.7%[17] - Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $1,626 million, compared to $527 million for the same period in 2023, indicating a significant increase in profitability[17] - Total operating expenses increased to $7,538 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, from $4,544 million in the same period of 2023, reflecting a rise of 66.5%[17] - The net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $7,121 million, compared to a net loss of $4,346 million in the same period of 2023, representing an increase in losses of 63.5%[17] - The company reported a loss from operations of $5,912 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to a loss of $4,017 million in the same period of 2023, indicating a worsening operational performance[17] - Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $667 million, down from $1,220 million in the same period of 2023, a decrease of 45.2%[17] - The weighted-average common shares outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were 45,645 thousand, compared to 24,055 thousand in the same period of 2023, an increase of 90%[17] - The company reported a provision for income taxes of $61 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $38 million in the same period of 2023, reflecting a rise of 60.5%[17] - Basic and diluted net loss per common share for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $(0.16), compared to $(0.18) in the same period of 2023, showing a slight improvement in loss per share[17] Research and Development - Research and development expenses increased by $1.8 million, or 78%, to $4.2 million in Q3 2024, mainly due to professional services related to 5G chip development[7] - Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were $4,210 million, up from $2,367 million in the same period of 2023, a rise of 77.8%[17] Assets and Liabilities - Total current assets increased to $20.0 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $13.0 million as of December 31, 2023[16] - Total liabilities decreased to $80.9 million as of September 30, 2024, down from $131.9 million as of December 31, 2023[16] - The company successfully extended approximately $22.6 million of current liabilities into 2025 and repaid $2.5 million of bank borrowings and $1.0 million of promissory notes[3] 5G Product Development - The company anticipates commencing volume shipments of 5G chipsets in the first half of 2025, as previously guided[11] - The company signed a memorandum of understanding with a global tier one telecommunications supplier for collaboration on Fixed Wireless Access devices using its 5G chipsets[2] - The company is in discussions with potential investors to secure additional capital for the commercial launch of its 5G products[2] Cash and Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents were $1.8 million, with net accounts receivable of $6.4 million and inventory of $3.1 million as of September 30, 2024[10] Gross Margin - Gross margin improved to 62.3% in Q3 2024, up from 12% in Q3 2023, primarily due to a favorable product mix and higher margins from service offerings[6]

Table of Contents Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share GCTS The New York Stock Exchange Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock for $11.50 per share GCTSW The New York Stock Exchange UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-Q (Mark One) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECU ...

Exhibit 99.1 GCT Semiconductor Holding, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2024 Financial Results SAN JOSE, CA – August 14, 2024 – GCT Semiconductor Holding, Inc. ("GCT" or the "Company") (NYSE: GCTS), a leading designer and supplier of advanced 5G and 4G semiconductor solutions, today reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024. Second Quarter 2024 Financial Summary and Recent Operational Highlights · 5G chipset development progressing as projected with initial deliveries to alpha custom ...