As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2025 Registration No. 333- UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 SOLUNA HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) Nevada 7374 14-1462255 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 325 Washington Avenu ...

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2025 Registration No. 333- UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 SOLUNA HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) Nevada 7374 14-1462255 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 325 Washington Avenu ...

Core Insights - KULR Technology Group Inc. has entered a partnership with Soluna Holdings Inc. for a 3.3 MW Bitcoin mining hosting operation, marking a significant step in KULR's Bitcoin Treasury Accumulation Strategy [1][2][3] Company Overview - KULR Technology Group Inc. focuses on developing and commercializing thermal management technologies for electronics and batteries in the US [4] - Soluna Holdings Inc. operates in cryptocurrency mining through data centers and has three segments: Cryptocurrency Mining, Data Center Hosting, and HPC Services [4] Partnership Details - The partnership involves a Bitcoin Mining Lease where Soluna will manage KULR's mining hardware, ensuring guaranteed hashrate and uptime targets [3] - This collaboration allows Soluna to expand its customer base beyond traditional Bitcoin miners, aligning with KULR's strategy to allocate up to 90% of its surplus cash reserves to Bitcoin [2][3]

Core Insights - Soluna Holdings, Inc. has appointed Agnes Budzyn to its Board of Directors, bringing extensive expertise in finance, digital assets, and technology [1][2][5] Company Overview - Soluna is focused on developing green data centers for intensive computing applications, aiming to transform surplus renewable energy into global computing resources [8] - The company operates data centers co-located with renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power [8] Leadership Expertise - Agnes Budzyn has over a decade of experience in finance and technology, previously holding leadership roles at BlackRock and ConsenSys, where she contributed to the growth of the Ethereum ecosystem [2][3] - At BlackRock, she managed over $40 billion in portfolio restructuring and collaborated with major global institutions like the European Central Bank and the U.S. Federal Reserve [3] Strategic Vision - The appointment of Agnes Budzyn aligns with Soluna's vision to leverage renewable energy for sustainable computing, enhancing the company's governance and expertise in finance and digital infrastructure [5][3]

Core Insights - Premarket trading is showing notable activity with significant price movements indicating potential trading opportunities before the market opens [1] Premarket Gainers - Artiva Biotherapeutics, Inc. (ARTV) has increased by 124% to $6.22 [3] - Akanda Corp. (AKAN) is up 39% at $3.10 [3] - Kezar Life Sciences, Inc. (KZR) has risen 38% to $5.80 [3] - Carbon Revolution Public Limited Company (CREV) is also up 38% at $5.15 [3] - Safe & Green Holdings Corp. (SGBX) has increased by 28% to $3.96 [3] - Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (ACHV) is up 23% at $3.80 [3] - Revolution Medicines, Inc. (RVMD) has risen 8% to $53.90 [3] - Erayak Power Solution Group Inc. (RAYA) is up 8% at $5.76 [3] - ProQR Therapeutics N.V. (PRQR) has increased by 7% to $3.00 [3] - Bio Green Med Solution, Inc. (BGMS) is up 6% at $4.04 [3] Premarket Losers - American Rebel Holdings, Inc. (AREB) has decreased by 41% to $2.09 [4] - Sadot Group Inc. (SDOT) is down 25% at $5.35 [4] - AVITA Medical, Inc. (RCEL) has fallen 24% to $4.04 [4] - Soluna Holdings, Inc. (SLNH) is down 23% at $3.22 [4] - American Battery Technology Company (ABAT) has decreased by 17% to $4.70 [4] - CID HoldCo, Inc. (DAIC) is down 17% at $2.16 [4] - Pinnacle Food Group Limited (PFAI) has fallen 12% to $3.12 [4] - OnKure Therapeutics, Inc. (OKUR) is down 12% at $2.52 [4] - Whitehawk Therapeutics, Inc. (WHWK) has decreased by 12% to $2.29 [4] - Aqua Metals, Inc. (AQMS) is down 7% at $14.50 [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses the transition towards sustainable cryptocurrency mining through eco-friendly data centers, highlighting partnerships and expansions among key players in the industry [4][6][8]. Group 1: Industry Trends - Cryptocurrency mining data centers consume 100-200 times more energy than conventional office spaces, necessitating advancements in power consumption regulation and cooling mechanisms for sustainability [6]. - The market for sustainable data centers is projected to reach $43.64 billion by 2034, driven by the integration of renewable energy sources and advanced technologies [4][8]. Group 2: Company Developments - KULR Technology Group has entered a 3.3 MW hosting agreement with Soluna Holdings for Bitcoin mining at Project Sophie in Kentucky, set to launch in Q4 2025 [4][10]. - Soluna is also deploying a 20 MW Avalon miner project in Texas with Canaan Inc., expected to be operational by Q1 2026, enhancing its renewable-powered infrastructure [12][15]. - Riot Platforms mined 445 Bitcoin in September 2025, marking an 8% year-over-year increase, while diversifying into non-crypto data centers under new leadership [4][17]. - IREN Limited has doubled its AI cloud capacity to 23,000 GPUs, targeting over $500 million in annualized revenue by Q1 2026, reflecting the growing demand for AI and Bitcoin mining [20][22].

Core Insights - Soluna Holdings has announced a new hosting partnership with KULR Technology Group, marking its first collaboration with a Bitcoin treasury-focused company, thereby broadening its customer base beyond traditional Bitcoin miners and hyperscalers [1][2][3] Group 1: Partnership Details - Under the agreement, Soluna will operate approximately 3.3 MW of Bitcoin mining capacity for KULR at its Project Sophie facility in Kentucky, with operations expected to commence in Q4 2025 [2][5] - KULR will utilize Soluna's operational expertise to manage its mining hardware, ensuring guaranteed hashrate and uptime targets through a new "Bitcoin Mining Lease" structure [6][7] Group 2: Strategic Implications - The partnership reflects a strategic shift for Soluna, as it adapts its renewable-powered hosting model to meet the evolving demands of Bitcoin mining and adjacent industries [3][4] - KULR's commitment to allocate up to 90% of its surplus cash reserves to Bitcoin as part of its treasury strategy aligns with Soluna's model, which offers a pathway to guaranteed hashrate without the operational complexities of mining [7][12] Group 3: Market Context - The global Battery Backup Unit (BBU) market is projected to grow from 29.22 billion USD in 2025 to 43.64 billion USD by 2034, indicating a significant opportunity for companies like KULR as they expand their focus beyond Bitcoin mining [4]

Core Insights - KULR Technology Group has announced a new hosting partnership with Soluna Holdings to operate 3.3 MW of Bitcoin mining capacity at Soluna's Project Sophie facility in Kentucky, marking a strategic move into sustainable Bitcoin mining [1][4][6] - The partnership allows KULR to leverage Soluna's expertise in renewable-powered hosting, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable computing infrastructure in the Bitcoin mining sector [2][3][6] - KULR's commitment to Bitcoin as part of its treasury strategy includes allocating up to 90% of its surplus cash reserves to Bitcoin acquisition, supported by this new hosting framework [6][8] Company Overview - KULR Technology Group is a Bitcoin+ treasury company focused on high-performance energy systems and AI Robotics, delivering advanced energy storage solutions for various sectors [7][8] - Soluna Holdings specializes in developing green data centers that utilize surplus renewable energy for intensive computing applications, including Bitcoin mining [9] Market Context - The global Battery Backup Unit (BBU) market is projected to grow from 29.22 billion USD in 2025 to 43.64 billion USD by 2034, indicating a significant opportunity for KULR as it expands into BBU solutions [3]

Group 1: Hong Kong Stock Market Highlights - Jinli Permanent Magnet (06680) rose over 5%, with institutions optimistic about valuation and performance in the rare earth sector [1] - Heyu-B (02256) increased by more than 7%, as the upcoming launch of Pimiatin is expected to provide continuous sales revenue [1] - Sa Sa International (00178) saw a rise of over 6%, with a 8.4% year-on-year increase in revenue for the second fiscal quarter [1] - Gold stocks continued their recent upward trend, with Chifeng Jilong Gold Mining (06693) up over 14% and Zijin Mining International (02259) up over 7% [1] - Xinjiang Xin Mining (03833) surged over 17%, with the company announcing a near doubling of stock price after its return to A-shares [1] Group 2: U.S. Stock Market Highlights - AMD (AMD.US) rose 3.83% after announcing a 6 GW computing power agreement with OpenAI for future AI infrastructure [3] - Trilogy Metals (TMQ.US) skyrocketed 211% following the U.S. government's announcement to acquire a 10% stake in the company [3] - AppLovin (APP.US) increased by 7.64%, amid reports of an SEC investigation regarding its advertising practices [3] - Ford Motor Company (F.US) fell 6.14% due to a significant fire at a key production facility, expected to halt operations until next year [4] - Soluna Holdings (SLNH.US) surged 12.78%, reporting an increase in mining capacity from 526 PH/s in August to 658 PH/s in September [4]

Core Viewpoint - Soluna Holdings (SLNH.US) experienced a significant stock increase of over 16%, reaching $2.1, following the announcement of a notable rise in Bitcoin mining output for September [1] Group 1: Mining Performance - In September, Soluna mined a total of 8.7 Bitcoins, a substantial increase from 7.4 Bitcoins in August [1] - The company's self-mining hash rate reached 658 PH/s in September, up from 526 PH/s in August, indicating continuous improvement in mining capacity [1] - The growth in hash rate is attributed to equipment upgrades and enhanced energy efficiency [1] Group 2: Strategic Developments - The company disclosed several important developments, including a settlement with NYDIG [1] - Soluna has re-complied with Nasdaq's continued listing requirements [1] - The company completed a credit facility arrangement with a maximum amount of $100 million [1] - A strategic partnership was established with mining equipment manufacturer Canaan Inc. (CAN.US) [1]