Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the health accounts in Brazil. Core Insights - The Brazilian Ministry of Health has committed to institutionalizing the annual production of health accounts to enhance decision-making in health policy, supported by the OECD [16][26]. - The OECD emphasizes the importance of systematic monitoring of health expenditure to inform policy decisions and improve resource allocation [25][38]. - Brazil's health financing structure shows a lower percentage of mandatory funding (45%) compared to OECD countries (75%), with a significant role of voluntary health insurance [31]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The report outlines the collaboration between the OECD and the Brazilian Ministry of Health to implement and institutionalize health accounts as a tool for monitoring health expenditure [37][44]. National Health Accounts: A Tool for Monitoring Health Expenditure - National health accounts are crucial for systematic tracking of health spending and informing health policy decisions [51][52]. - Brazil has a history of producing satellite health accounts to measure the health sector's contribution to the economy [40]. Overview of the Brazilian Health System - The introduction of the Unified Health System (SUS) has increased access to health services for a large part of the population [23]. - The financing of SUS is complex, with private health insurance playing a significant role [25][31]. A New Approach to Institutionalizing Health Accounts in Brazil - The report evaluates the methodology for estimating health expenditure and provides recommendations for improvement [27][29]. - A comprehensive documentation process for the production of health accounts is essential for transparency and legitimacy [29][34]. Brazilian Health Expenditure Data in an International Context - Brazil's per capita health expenditure is lower than that of most OECD countries, and the structure of health financing differs significantly [31][57]. - The report highlights the need for Brazil to improve the timeliness of health expenditure estimates to enhance their relevance [34]. Expanding the Scope: Potential Extensions of Health Accounts in Brazil - Future initiatives could include tracking health expenditure by providers and identifying funding sources for various health plans [34][35]. Strengthening Health Accounts in Brazil: Institutionalization, Governance, and Policy Impact - Establishing a national team dedicated to health accounts is crucial for effective institutionalization [30]. - A robust dissemination strategy is necessary to maximize the impact of health accounts on policy formulation [33].

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The OECD has developed new indicators to assess AI capabilities, aiming to provide policymakers with a factual framework to understand AI's capabilities and compare them to human skills [37][41] - The indicators cover a range of human abilities, including language, social interactions, problem-solving, creativity, metacognition, knowledge, learning, memory, vision, manipulation, and robotic intelligence, presented on a five-level scale [38][41] - The report emphasizes the need for a systematic measurement framework for AI capabilities and their implications for society, work, and education [72][74] Summary by Sections Overview of Current AI Capabilities - The chapter provides an overview of AI performance based on OECD indicators, including a comparative table that describes the capabilities of advanced AI systems as of November 2024 [44][45] - The table categorizes AI systems into levels, detailing the types of capabilities they possess and the reasoning behind their classification [45][46] Designing a Measurement Framework for AI Capabilities - The OECD's project on AI and future skills presents a systematic measurement framework for AI and robotics capabilities, comparing them to human skills [72][73] - The methodology aims to provide clear, evidence-based insights into AI developments and their societal impacts [72][73] OECD Indicators on AI Capabilities - The indicators are structured around nine human abilities, with each ability assessed on a five-level scale, reflecting the progression of AI capabilities towards human equivalence [38][41] - Current AI systems are generally classified between levels 2 and 3 across various scales, indicating ongoing challenges in achieving full human-like capabilities [41][50] Examples of Using AI Capability Indicators by Public Authorities - The indicators can facilitate discussions on the transformative impacts of AI in various sectors, including education, employment, and civic participation [18][19] - They provide a framework for evaluating how AI can complement or replace human tasks, influencing future educational curricula and workforce development [18][19]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a downward revision of global growth projections, forecasting a decline from 3.3% in 2024 to a modest 2.9% in 2025 and 2026, reflecting a negative outlook for the global economy [33][45]. Core Insights - The report emphasizes the significant increase in trade barriers and economic uncertainty, which negatively impacts business and consumer confidence, leading to a slowdown in trade and investment [32][35]. - Inflation remains a concern, with persistent inflation in services and rising prices for goods due to food price increases, exacerbated by protectionist measures [34][36]. - The report highlights the crucial role of public authorities in addressing uncertainty and stimulating growth through trade agreements and investment in infrastructure [37][40]. Summary by Sections 1. General Assessment of the Macroeconomic Situation - Global economic prospects are deteriorating due to increased trade barriers and financial conditions, leading to a projected decline in global GDP growth from 3.3% in 2024 to 2.9% in 2025 and 2026 [45][50]. - The report notes that inflation in G20 countries is expected to decrease from 6.2% in 2024 to 3.6% in 2025, with the U.S. being an exception where inflation is projected to rise to nearly 4% by the end of 2025 [45][50]. 2. Reviving Investment for More Resilient Growth - The prolonged stagnation of investment has weighed on potential production growth, with corporate investment hindered by weak demand and high uncertainty [40][41]. - Public investment has rebounded but remains below pre-global financial crisis levels, indicating a need for reforms to stimulate investment [40][41]. 3. Developments in OECD Member Countries and Certain Non-Member Economies - Economic growth has become negative in advanced economies like the U.S. and Japan, primarily due to a surge in imports, while domestic demand indicators remain positive [54]. - The report highlights that growth in production has strengthened in Germany and the UK, partly due to improved export growth, while several European economies have contracted [54].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry analyzed. Core Insights - The OECD study on trade and gender in Latin America highlights the underrepresentation of women in trade-related positions compared to men, with women being up to 40% less likely to be hired for export-related roles. This gender gap has remained relatively static over time [19][36][64]. - Women face significant barriers in accessing trade opportunities, with only 10% of women-led businesses participating in international trade compared to 14% of men-led businesses. This indicates a need for targeted policies to enhance women's participation in trade [37][38]. - The report emphasizes the importance of public policies aimed at reducing gender disparities in trade, which could lead to economic growth and improved outcomes for women in the labor market [48][52]. Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - The report outlines the significant gender gap in economic empowerment and participation in trade across seven Latin American countries, emphasizing the need for public policies to address these disparities [48][49]. 2. Women Workers - Women are less likely to work in export-related jobs, with a notable occupational segregation that limits their access to better-paying and more productive roles. The report indicates that women with high qualifications often work in sectors less related to trade [36][64]. - The analysis shows that women in the studied countries are 40% less likely to hold export-dependent jobs compared to men, with variations across countries [71][72]. 3. Women Business Leaders in Trade - Women-led businesses are generally smaller and face more challenges in accessing financing and international markets. The report highlights that these businesses are more likely to operate in the informal economy [38][39][42]. - The participation of women in leadership roles within businesses is crucial for enhancing their engagement in international trade [37][38]. 4. Women Consumers - The impact of trade on consumers, particularly women, is discussed, noting that lower tariffs benefit lower-income households disproportionately. The report also highlights differences in spending patterns based on gender [43][44]. 5. Trade in Services - The report notes that women predominantly work in the services sector, where trade barriers can increase costs and affect competitiveness. It emphasizes the need for policies that facilitate trade in services to support women-led businesses [41][42]. 6. Trade Facilitation - Improvements in trade facilitation have been noted in the seven countries studied, with significant progress in customs efficiency since the implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement [42]. 7. Trade Agreements and Women - Latin American countries have been proactive in incorporating gender provisions in trade agreements, with 40 out of 87 agreements including explicit references to gender [44]. 8. Policy Recommendations - The report proposes several policy reforms aimed at promoting gender equality in trade, including enhancing gender sensitivity in trade agreements, improving market access, and supporting gender-focused policy formulation [45][46].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The report highlights the participation of women in international trade and the effects of trade and trade policies on women in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru. It examines women's roles in international trade as workers, consumers, and business leaders, proposing recommendations to ensure women benefit from international trade and contribute to regional prosperity [16][19]. Summary by Sections 1. Employment of Women - Women hold fewer jobs directly and indirectly related to trade compared to men, with a 40% lower likelihood of occupying export-related jobs. This disparity is largely due to occupational segregation, with women more prevalent in sectors less involved in international trade, such as health and education [32][60]. - The report indicates that women are less likely to occupy higher-paying, more productive jobs associated with international trade, and this trend has remained stable over time [60][61]. 2. Women Business Leaders in International Trade - Only 10% of women-led businesses engage in international trade compared to 14% of men-led businesses. Women entrepreneurs face challenges such as access to financing and market knowledge, which hinder their participation in international trade [33][34]. - Women-led businesses are more likely to operate in the informal economy, which limits their export potential compared to male-led businesses [36]. 3. Women as Consumers - Lower tariffs benefit low-income households more significantly, with poorer households losing twice as much purchasing power due to price increases from tariffs compared to wealthier households. Spending habits differ slightly between male and female-headed households, but income remains the primary influence [39]. 4. Trade in Services - Women predominantly work and lead businesses in the services sector. Barriers to service trade can increase costs and reduce competitiveness for all businesses, regardless of leadership gender [37]. 5. Trade Facilitation - Women-led businesses are generally smaller and face greater challenges due to cumbersome administrative procedures at borders. However, the report notes improvements in trade facilitation in the studied countries over the past decade, with efficiency gains in customs procedures ranging from 3% to 20% since the implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2017 [38]. 6. Trade Agreements and Gender - Latin American countries have been pioneers in including gender equality provisions in trade agreements, with 40 out of 87 agreements signed by the studied countries explicitly addressing gender issues. All countries involved have committed to the Global Arrangement on Trade and Gender, aiming to promote women's access to trade opportunities [40][41]. 7. Recommendations for Action - The report suggests integrating gender considerations into trade agreements, supporting gender-sensitive policy development, and enhancing data collection disaggregated by gender to better support women's economic empowerment through international trade [41][42].

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The OECD adopted the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) in February 2014 to enhance tax compliance and international tax cooperation through automatic exchange of financial account information [18] - Amendments to the CRS were adopted in August 2022, expanding its scope to include electronic money products and central bank digital currencies, and strengthening due diligence and reporting requirements [19] Summary by Sections Section I: General Reporting Requirements - Reporting Financial Institutions must report information regarding each Reportable Account, including account holder details and account balances [24] - The report must identify the currency of each amount reported [28] Section II: General Due Diligence Requirements - Reporting Financial Institutions are required to use reasonable efforts to obtain Tax Identification Numbers (TINs) and dates of birth for Preexisting Accounts [28] - The information reported must include the account balance or value as of the end of the relevant calendar year [28] Section III: Due Diligence for Preexisting Individual Accounts - Specific procedures are outlined for identifying Reportable Accounts among Preexisting Individual Accounts [29] Section IV: Due Diligence for New Individual Accounts - Upon account opening, a self-certification must be obtained to determine the account holder's tax residence [37] Section V: Due Diligence for Preexisting Entity Accounts - Preexisting Entity Accounts with an aggregate balance exceeding USD 250,000 must be reviewed [41] Section VI: Due Diligence for New Entity Accounts - New Entity Accounts must also follow specific review procedures to determine if they are held by Reportable Persons [40] Section VII: Special Due Diligence Rules - Additional rules apply for determining whether an account holder is a Passive Non-Financial Entity (NFE) [43] Section VIII: Defined Terms - Key definitions related to financial institutions and account types are provided to clarify the reporting framework [46][47]

Technical paper Integrity reporting template and guidelines for federal public organisations in Belgium Strengthening the strategic approach to public integrity Integrity reporting template and guidelines for federal public organisations in Belgium Strengthening the strategic approach to public integrity 1 INTEGRITY REPORTING TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES FOR FEDERAL PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS IN BELGIUM © OECD 2025 PUBE 2 This work was approved and declassified by the Public Governance Committee on 16 May 2025. This d ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry or the specific initiative being evaluated. Core Insights - The Single Window for Investment (VUI) in Costa Rica aims to simplify, digitize, and centralize the processes required to establish a business, originally focused on free trade zone procedures but has evolved to encompass all types of businesses [32][44] - The VUI seeks to enhance the country's competitiveness by eliminating regulatory barriers and unnecessary requirements, with a strategy centered on process simplification and digitalization [33][45] - The report evaluates the effectiveness of the VUI against OECD principles, highlighting strengths such as political commitment and proactive leadership, while also identifying challenges in coordination and representation of municipalities [35][36] Summary by Sections 1. The Single Window for Investment in Costa Rica - The VUI is an inter-institutional effort led by PROCOMER to streamline the necessary procedures for business establishment [44] - The initiative began with a focus on free trade zones but has expanded to include all business types, addressing the need for a more efficient regulatory environment [44][48] 2. Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Best Practices - The report outlines general and specific principles for regulatory best practices, emphasizing the importance of political commitment and institutional cooperation [26][36] - It discusses the relevance of public consultation and the need for clear governance structures to enhance the effectiveness of the VUI [39][40] 3. Analysis of Simplification and Digitalization of Procedures - The VUI has made significant strides in digitalization, including the implementation of essential elements like a registry of procedures, georeferenced maps, and a digital file system [37][38] - However, not all processes are fully digital, and the adoption of digital signatures remains low, indicating areas for improvement [37][40] 4. Evaluation and Recommendations - To maximize its impact, the VUI must improve coordination with the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Commerce (MEIC) and establish formal mechanisms for technical and operational collaboration [38][41] - Strategic planning is crucial for managing the increasing demand from institutions wishing to integrate into the VUI, with a focus on user-centered approaches and systematic public consultation [39][41]

OECD Public Governance Reviews OECD Public Governance Scan of Kazakhstan Toward a More Agile, Responsive and Effective Public Administration OECD Public Governance Scan of Kazakhstan Toward a More Agile, Responsive and Effective Public Administration OECD Public Governance Reviews OECD Public Governance Reviews OECD Public Governance Scan of Kazakhstan TOWARD A MORE AGILE, RESPONSIVE AND EFFECTIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the ...

Investment Rating - The report evaluates Costa Rica's One-Stop Shop for Investment (VUI) as a significant initiative aimed at enhancing the country's investment climate through simplification and digitalization of business setup procedures [30][40]. Core Insights - The VUI is designed to centralize and streamline the procedures necessary for establishing a business in Costa Rica, originally focusing on free trade zone procedures but now encompassing all types of businesses [30][43]. - The initiative aims to improve Costa Rica's competitiveness by eliminating regulatory barriers, reducing processing times, and enhancing transparency for investors [44][40]. - The report highlights the importance of strong political commitment and proactive leadership from PROCOMER in driving the VUI's development and effectiveness [33][40]. - Despite progress, challenges remain in coordination between PROCOMER and the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Commerce (MEIC), particularly in aligning regulatory strategies [34][40]. - The VUI has made strides in digitalization, but not all processes are fully end-to-end digital, with low adoption of digital signatures and an underdeveloped inspection platform [35][40]. - Recommendations include improving coordination with MEIC, establishing formal mechanisms for collaboration, and enhancing user-centric approaches to simplify the business setup journey [36][40]. Summary by Sections 1. The One-Stop Shop for Investment in Costa Rica - The VUI is an inter-institutional initiative led by PROCOMER to simplify and digitize business setup procedures [30][43]. - The initiative has evolved from focusing solely on free trade zones to encompassing all business types, reflecting its growing demand [30][43]. 2. Comparative Analysis on Best Regulatory Practices - The report assesses the VUI against OECD principles, identifying strengths in political commitment and regulatory foundation while noting areas for improvement in coordination and stakeholder engagement [33][34]. 3. Analysis of the Level of Simplification and Digitalization of Procedures - The VUI has implemented essential digital tools, including a procedures registry and payment engine, but faces challenges in achieving full digital integration [35][40]. - The report outlines the need for increased adoption of digital signatures and further development of the inspection platform to enhance the user experience [35][40]. 4. Assessment and Recommendations - To maximize the VUI's impact, the report recommends enhancing coordination with MEIC, establishing clear performance indicators, and increasing efforts to promote the platform among businesses [36][40]. - Strategic planning and systematic public consultation mechanisms are essential for continuous improvement and stakeholder satisfaction [38][40].