为应对中国稀土管制，特朗普动“歪脑筋”，联合国火速发声谴责

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration is drafting an executive order to stockpile metals found on the Pacific seabed to counter China's dominance in battery minerals and rare earth supply chains [1][3]. Group 1: Rare Earth and Metal Supply - The majority of seabed contains polymetallic nodules rich in nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese, essential for electric vehicle batteries and high-tech products [1]. - China produces 99% of the world's heavy rare earth metals, with a small amount from Vietnam, which has recently closed its refining plant due to tax disputes [1]. - China accounts for approximately 90% of global refined rare earth production, while Japan and Germany produce small quantities but rely on Chinese raw materials [1]. Group 2: Challenges of Deep-Sea Mining - The technology for deep-sea resource development is currently immature, making it difficult to establish stable mining operations on the seabed [3]. - Existing methods for seabed mining, such as constructing human habitats or developing mining robots, face significant cost and technical challenges, limiting large-scale application [3]. - Deep-sea resources have historically served as a supplement to global supply rather than a mainstream source, and there is international opposition to large-scale seabed resource development [3]. Group 3: Regulatory and Environmental Concerns - The International Seabed Authority (ISA) has warned against unilateral actions by the Trump administration regarding seabed mining, emphasizing that all activities must be conducted under ISA's control [5]. - The ISA Secretary-General stated that any unilateral action would violate international law and undermine multilateral principles [5]. - Experts indicate that deep-sea mining could cause environmental damage 25 times greater than land mining, threatening marine biodiversity and habitats [5]. Group 4: Economic Implications - Even if the deep-sea mining plan is successful, the extraction costs may exceed the prices of importing from China, suggesting that the initiative may be more of a market appeasement strategy [7]. - The deep-sea mining plan reflects the weaknesses in the U.S. industrial chain, indicating that external solutions to internal problems may be unrealistic [7]. - The rare earth issue, while a small battleground, holds significant potential to influence broader economic dynamics and the future of U.S. manufacturing revival [7].