寻找自然资源可持续的答案，新京报小记者们走进合成生物科学馆

Core Insights - The article discusses the potential of synthetic biology to address various global challenges, including energy security, food safety, and mental health issues [1][3][4]. Group 1: Synthetic Biology Overview - Synthetic biology is presented as a solution to resource scarcity and environmental pollution, with a focus on sustainable utilization of natural resources [3][4]. - The evolution of biotechnology is outlined, from natural fermentation (first generation) to directed fermentation (second generation) and finally to synthetic biology (third generation), which involves designing and modifying microorganisms for specific human needs [3][4]. Group 2: Future Applications and Innovations - The concept of "cell factories" is introduced, where high-yield crops like corn and wheat serve as fermentation raw materials, and genetically modified strains are used to produce desired substances [4]. - Future advancements may allow for the synthesis of materials directly from atmospheric nitrogen and carbon dioxide, eliminating the need for traditional agricultural inputs [4]. Group 3: Ethical Considerations and Public Engagement - Ethical concerns regarding the misuse of synthetic biology, such as cloning and the revival of extinct species, are highlighted, emphasizing the need for cautious research and public consensus on boundaries [9]. - The engagement of young students in discussions about synthetic biology reflects a growing interest in the field, with imaginative ideas about potential applications, such as creating hybrid fruits or reviving extinct animals [5][7][9].