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美国即将对中国船舶征收港口费 对航运市场影响几何?

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. is implementing additional port fees for Chinese vessels starting October 14, 2025, which will significantly increase operational costs for Chinese shipowners and shipbuilders [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Port Fee Implementation - The U.S. Trade Representative's Office (USTR) announced a fee structure for Chinese-owned, operated, and built vessels, with charges starting at $50 per net ton, increasing annually until reaching $140 by 2028 [1]. - The fees must be paid three working days before arrival at the first U.S. port, with non-compliance risking unloading delays or customs clearance suspension [1]. - The fee structure aims to boost U.S. shipbuilding and tax revenue while targeting Chinese maritime operations [3]. Group 2: Chinese Response and Operational Adjustments - In response, China amended its international shipping regulations to impose special fees on vessels from countries that implement discriminatory measures against Chinese shipping [2]. - Major shipping alliances have begun adjusting their operations, with some routes to the U.S. being suspended to reduce costs associated with the new port fees [4]. Group 3: Impact on Shipping Costs and Market Dynamics - The new port fees are expected to increase operational costs for Chinese shipowners significantly, with estimates of an additional $304 per TEU for container ships calling at U.S. ports [3]. - Shipping companies are prioritizing market share over profitability, leading to a rapid cancellation of sailings due to tariff disruptions and weak U.S. demand [5][6]. - The overall impact on the European shipping market is expected to be limited, but the situation will require ongoing observation as shipping lines may adjust their strategies in response to the new fees [7][8].