美国于10月14号对中国船只开征“港口费”，海运成本或大幅上涨

Core Points - The U.S. is set to implement the "301 tariff" measures against Chinese vessels starting October 14, 2025, with the announcement made by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) [1] - The new fees will significantly impact global shipping, particularly affecting major players like COSCO and international giants such as Maersk and Mediterranean Shipping Company [7] Fee Structure - Starting October 14, 2025, vessels owned or operated by Chinese entities will incur a fee of $50 per net ton [4] - Vessels built in China will be charged either $18 per net ton or $120 per unloaded container, whichever is higher [4] - Car carriers or roll-on/roll-off vessels will face a fee of $14 per net ton [4] - Payments must be made through the U.S. Treasury's official secure payment platform, Pay.gov, prior to the vessel's arrival [4][5] Compliance Requirements - Vessel operators are responsible for determining whether fees are applicable, and it is recommended to complete payment at least three business days before arrival [3] - The required information for the "301 Fee Payment Form" includes vessel name, arrival port, expected arrival date, IMO or official number, voyage number, operator name, tax ID or CBP number, payer's contact details, and payment method [5] Impact on Shipping Costs - A large cargo ship may incur additional costs amounting to millions of dollars, potentially exceeding the profit from two round trips [7] - The new regulations are expected to increase shipping costs by approximately $1,000 starting October 15, 2025, which could equate to a 4% increase in tariffs, exacerbating inflationary pressures in the U.S. [7][11] Chinese Response - In response to the U.S. measures, China announced modifications to its international shipping regulations, allowing for countermeasures against countries imposing discriminatory fees [8] - The Chinese government may impose special fees on vessels from countries that enact such measures and restrict access to Chinese ports [8] Industry Adjustments - Companies like COSCO are optimizing their fleets and shifting routes to mitigate the impact of the new fees, including transferring vessels to other trade routes [9] - Exporters are exploring diversification strategies to reduce reliance on U.S. markets, with some opting to reroute through Canadian or Mexican ports to avoid additional fees [9]