中国稀土新政出鞘，5种稀土+技术管制，特朗普紧急派两员大将应对

Core Viewpoint - The recent announcement by China's Ministry of Commerce regarding rare earth export controls has heightened tensions in the U.S., prompting immediate action from the Trump administration to address the situation [1][3]. Group 1: China's Rare Earth Policy - The new rare earth management regulations set to be implemented in 2024 are based on a long-term strategy, establishing a traceability system for rare earth products that covers the entire supply chain from extraction to export [3]. - The new policy not only restricts raw material exports but also limits the dissemination of refining technologies, further solidifying China's control over the rare earth market [3]. - China currently dominates the global rare earth industry, producing 92% of the world's refining capacity and being the only country capable of fully producing all 17 rare earth elements [5]. Group 2: U.S. Response and Strategic Moves - The U.S. is attempting to mitigate its reliance on China by accelerating partnerships with countries like Canada and Australia, including the construction of rare earth separation plants [5]. - The U.S. Department of Defense has set a minimum price of $110 per kilogram for critical materials like neodymium and praseodymium, which is nearly double the market price, to secure military supply needs [3]. - The U.S. is also exploring a $200 billion currency swap agreement with Argentina to gain access to lithium and rare earth resources, although negotiations are complicated by Argentina's balancing act between the U.S. and China [3][10]. Group 3: Global Market Impact - China's export controls have triggered significant price fluctuations in the global market, with prices for dysprosium and terbium in Europe reportedly tripling [5]. - Major U.S. companies are beginning to stockpile inventory in response to supply chain risks, affecting production plans for companies like Tesla and Ford [5]. - Japan and the EU have initiated emergency measures in response to China's new regulations, but they face challenges in overcoming their dependence on Chinese refining technology [9]. Group 4: Future Outlook - Rebuilding a complete rare earth supply chain in the U.S. is estimated to require a decade and an investment of $300 billion [7]. - China's Ministry of Commerce has indicated that it will establish a "green channel" for expedited approval of compliant export applications, maintaining flexibility in its supply chain management [7][12]. - The military significance of rare earth elements complicates the geopolitical landscape, as new regulations restrict exports to foreign military users, impacting U.S. industries, including artificial intelligence [7][9].