专访希腊前财长：“一带一路”为重塑全球基建格局发挥重要作用

Group 1: Belt and Road Initiative Impact - The Belt and Road Initiative has significantly reshaped global infrastructure and trade networks, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia, by facilitating the construction of ports, roads, and power grids, which help countries reduce trade costs and improve logistics [1][15] - The bilateral trade between China and Greece has increased from less than $100 million in the early 1990s to $12.87 billion in 2024, showcasing the fruitful cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative [1] - The investment by China Ocean Shipping Company in the Port of Piraeus during Greece's debt crisis exemplifies the potential for risk-taking investments to yield substantial returns, transforming the port into a key logistics hub in the Mediterranean [2][15] Group 2: Global Economic Governance Challenges - The current global economic governance system faces challenges due to geopolitical competition and economic fragmentation, with institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO still being essential but showing varying effectiveness [3][5] - Proposed reforms for global governance include enhancing the trade system through flexible mechanisms, improving financial architecture to increase funding leverage, and establishing interoperability standards for digital currencies [4][7] - The need for a shift from a "loan and supervision" model to a more integrative role for the IMF in a multipolar currency system is emphasized, focusing on transparency and coordination among emerging economies [14] Group 3: Dollar Dominance and Future Trends - The dominance of the US dollar is experiencing marginal erosion, but a true "de-dollarization" has not yet occurred, as the dollar remains the anchor currency for global trade and finance [10] - Three conditions are necessary to undermine dollar hegemony: loss of confidence in US financial stability, excessive use of sanctions leading to alternative systems, and the emergence of deep liquidity markets as viable alternatives [10][12] - The future international monetary system may become more fragmented, with a core of dollar dominance alongside multiple currencies, driven by technological advancements and digital currencies [13][14]