航运脱碳的双轨突围：内河换电，远洋烧醇

Core Viewpoint - The global shipping industry is undergoing a significant green energy transformation, with China leading the way in the new energy ship market, which is projected to reach a scale of 367.5 billion yuan by 2026 [6][10]. Group 1: Electric Vessels in Inland Waterways - The world's first 10,000-ton pure electric cargo ship, "Gezhouba," was launched in October 2025, featuring a battery capacity equivalent to 400 electric cars, enabling a range of 500 kilometers [2][5]. - As of the end of 2024, there are 485 pure electric vessels in China, primarily inland passenger ships, with over 1,000 new energy inland vessels in total, leading globally in application scale [2][5]. - The Ministry of Transport has issued guidelines to promote high-quality development in inland shipping, emphasizing the application of battery power, LNG, and methanol technologies [2][5]. Group 2: Methanol as a Sustainable Fuel for Ocean Shipping - In deep-sea shipping, methanol is considered an ideal sustainable fuel due to its ease of refueling and lower environmental impact compared to traditional fuels [3][12]. - The global fleet of methanol-fueled vessels is expanding, with 414 ships confirmed to use methanol, including 93 already in operation [12][13]. - The demand for methanol as a marine fuel is expected to increase significantly, with projections indicating a potential annual demand of 1,050,500 tons, driven by a surge in new orders [14]. Group 3: Challenges and Solutions in Electric Shipping - The transition to electric vessels faces three main challenges: energy supply anxiety, cost anxiety, and safety anxiety, with high initial investment and infrastructure costs being significant barriers [8][9]. - The "battery swap" model is being adopted to enhance operational efficiency, allowing for quick battery replacements that significantly reduce dock time [6][7]. - Government subsidies and local policies are being implemented to support the development of electric vessels and related infrastructure, with substantial financial backing for new energy ship construction [10][18]. Group 4: Industry Transformation and Policy Support - The green transition in shipping is prompting a broader industrial revolution, with a focus on integrating technology and sustainable practices in shipbuilding [15][16]. - China's domestic battery manufacturers, such as CATL, are gaining a significant share of the global market, providing power for approximately 900 vessels [16]. - Policies at both national and local levels are being established to encourage the adoption of new energy vessels, including technical standards and operational incentives [18][19].