赢了世界却败在中国，全球首富携带6万亿资产，逃离中国市场

Core Insights - Amazon's journey from a small online bookstore in 1994 to a global e-commerce leader is marked by strategic expansions and innovations, including the introduction of third-party seller platforms and Prime membership services [2][3] - Despite its success in Western markets, Amazon struggled in China due to a lack of local adaptation and competition from established players like Alibaba and JD.com [4][5] Group 1: Amazon's Growth and Innovations - Amazon started as a bookstore in 1994 and quickly expanded to music and video, going public in 1997 and raising $54 million, significantly increasing its valuation [2] - The launch of the third-party seller platform in 2000 and Prime membership in 2005 were pivotal in enhancing user experience and building a robust ecosystem [2] - By 2020, Amazon's revenue reached $386 billion with a net profit of $21 billion, and total assets nearing 6 trillion RMB, showcasing its massive scale [3] Group 2: Challenges in the Chinese Market - Amazon's entry into China involved acquiring the largest online bookstore, but its market share plummeted from 15.4% to 0.6% by 2018 due to fierce competition and misalignment with local consumer preferences [4][5] - The company's attempts to localize, such as launching Kindle and restructuring its platform, failed to resonate with Chinese consumers who preferred curated shopping experiences [4][5] - Amazon's management style, which did not empower local teams, contributed to its inability to adapt quickly to the fast-changing Chinese e-commerce landscape [5] Group 3: Strategic Shifts Post-Exit - After exiting the Chinese retail market in 2019, Amazon focused on its AWS cloud services and global selling platforms, which continued to support Chinese sellers [5][7] - The company has redirected resources to India, investing billions in local infrastructure and adapting its services to better fit the market [5][6] - Amazon's experience in China serves as a lesson in the importance of local adaptation, with the company now emphasizing cultural integration in its Southeast Asia strategy [6][7]